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Category-specificity in spatial and ...

New, Joshua.

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Category-specificity in spatial and temporal attention.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Category-specificity in spatial and temporal attention./
Author:	New, Joshua.
Description:	278 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0572.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International67-01B.
Subject:	Psychology, Cognitive. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3206434
ISBN:	9780542535390

Category-specificity in spatial and temporal attention.
New, Joshua.

Category-specificity in spatial and temporal attention. - 278 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0572.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2006.

These investigations applied the principles of evolutionary psychology to the study of visual cognition. I proposed that, because of their persisting evolutionary importance, animate objects (people and animals) and social information are inherently prioritized in both spatial and temporal attention processes relative to inanimate objects. I first tested this hypothesis using the change-detection paradigm wherein viewers attempted to "spot the difference" between two alternating versions of natural scenes. As predicted, participants detected changes to animate objects (people and animals) more efficiently than changes to inanimate objects, irrespective of their visual salience, familiarity, or subjective "interest".{09}In iconic displays using the same paradigm, I demonstrated that social information is similarly privileged---gesturing hands automatically capture attention and in the case of deictic pointing direct attention to an "intended" object.

ISBN: 9780542535390Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017810
Psychology, Cognitive.

Category-specificity in spatial and temporal attention.
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100 1 $a New, Joshua. $3 1911919
245 1 0 $a Category-specificity in spatial and temporal attention.
300 $a 278 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-01, Section: B, page: 0572.
500 $a Adviser: Leda Cosmides.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Santa Barbara, 2006.
520 $a These investigations applied the principles of evolutionary psychology to the study of visual cognition. I proposed that, because of their persisting evolutionary importance, animate objects (people and animals) and social information are inherently prioritized in both spatial and temporal attention processes relative to inanimate objects. I first tested this hypothesis using the change-detection paradigm wherein viewers attempted to "spot the difference" between two alternating versions of natural scenes. As predicted, participants detected changes to animate objects (people and animals) more efficiently than changes to inanimate objects, irrespective of their visual salience, familiarity, or subjective "interest".{09}In iconic displays using the same paradigm, I demonstrated that social information is similarly privileged---gesturing hands automatically capture attention and in the case of deictic pointing direct attention to an "intended" object.
520 $a I further tested whether animate objects can reflexively capture attention using the inattention blindness (IB) paradigm, wherein participants repeatedly performing a perceptual judgment are often "blind" to a clearly visible but unanticipated stimulus. I employed iconic spiders whose frequency as a specific phobia has prompted their characterization as a "biologically-prepared" fear. As predicted, despite being completely unexpected, spiders and spider-like stimuli were detected far more frequently than either stimuli equated for visual or emotional salience.
520 $a My final studies employed the attentional blink (AB) paradigm wherein detecting a first target in a stream of images causes a kind of refractory interval, or "attentional blink" (<500 ms), in which a second target frequently goes undetected. Again, animate objects appeared privileged so that when looking for two people or two animals, there was considerably less AB than when searching for two inanimate objects (flowers or vehicles). Further, when looking for an item from two different categories (e.g. a person then a vehicle), both animate categories provoked a considerable AB for later appearing inanimate targets, while animate objects following inanimate objects were still frequently detected.
520 $a In summary, these studies support the hypothesis that evolutionary pressures have shaped visual cognition---spatial and temporal attention---so that animate objects, and at least some forms of social information, are highly prioritized for visual attention and access to conscious awareness.
590 $a School code: 0035.
650 4 $a Psychology, Cognitive. $3 1017810
650 4 $a Psychology, Experimental. $3 517106
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710 2 0 $a University of California, Santa Barbara. $3 1017586
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 67-01B.
790 1 0 $a Cosmides, Leda, $e advisor
790 $a 0035
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2006
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3206434