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Surfactant based membrane perturbati...

Apel-Paz, Meirav.

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Surfactant based membrane perturbation as a strategy for contraception and STD prevention.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Surfactant based membrane perturbation as a strategy for contraception and STD prevention./
作者:	Apel-Paz, Meirav.
面頁冊數:	216 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: B, page: 1023.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International66-02B.
標題:	Engineering, Chemical. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3164959
ISBN:	9780542000782

Surfactant based membrane perturbation as a strategy for contraception and STD prevention.
Apel-Paz, Meirav.

Surfactant based membrane perturbation as a strategy for contraception and STD prevention. - 216 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: B, page: 1023.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2005.

Prominent and effective means of pathogen attack are based on membrane perturbation. Surfactants are routinely used in this capacity, especially for contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Ideally, an membrane active agent should selectively perturb sperm and pathogen membranes in favor of healthy epithelial cells or the lactobacilli of the vaginal microflora.

ISBN: 9780542000782Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018531
Engineering, Chemical.

Surfactant based membrane perturbation as a strategy for contraception and STD prevention.
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500 $a Adviser: T. Kyle Vanderlick.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2005.
520 $a Prominent and effective means of pathogen attack are based on membrane perturbation. Surfactants are routinely used in this capacity, especially for contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. Ideally, an membrane active agent should selectively perturb sperm and pathogen membranes in favor of healthy epithelial cells or the lactobacilli of the vaginal microflora.
520 $a This thesis describes experimental work using leakage assays and isothermal titration calorimetry as applied to lipid vesicles to better understand the interactions between membranes and leading surfactant candidates for contraceptive/STD applications: nonoxynol-9 (N-9), C31G, benzalkonium chloride (BZK), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).
520 $a We find that uptake of surfactant into the membrane results in continuous leakage of vesicle contents, following first-order kinetics. Surfactants which readily translocate across the two leaflets of the lipid bilayer (N-9, C31G, BZK) were found to promote much higher rates of leakage as compared to SDS which does not "flip-flop" on experimental time scales. For surfactants which do flip-flop, the rate of leakage depends primarily on the ratio of membrane-bound surfactant to lipid. The rate constants exhibit a power-law dependence on surfactant concentration, suggesting a cooperative mechanism for surfactant-mediated transport of solutes across the membrane. When surfactant is present at concentrations sufficient to form micelles, the rates of leakage increase markedly.
520 $a Our work also capitalizes on the isolation of the plasma membrane from rabbit sperm cells and on our efforts to create a synthetic lipid mixture as a model for the sperm plasma membrane. In particular, we show that certain lipid constituents unique to sperm membranes (e.g., a highly unsaturated ether-linked phospholipid) can indeed be associated with a decrease in membrane resistance towards certain perturbants (e.g. BZK). Meanwhile, the surfactant currently used in commercial spermicides, N-9, displays no specific interactions with sperm membranes over less complicated membranes as long as the amount of cholesterol is similar. The presence of cholesterol plays a significant role in regulating membrane permeability regardless of the surfactant used, with permeability decreasing in proportion to cholesterol content. Similar effects were seen with other sterols (dihydrocholesterol and coprostanol).
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