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Molecular dissection of the cardiac ...

Johnson, Erik Charles.

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Molecular dissection of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila melanogaster.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Molecular dissection of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila melanogaster./
作者:	Johnson, Erik Charles.
面頁冊數:	143 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-05, Section: B, page: 2304.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International61-05B.
標題:	Biology, Animal Physiology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9972146
ISBN:	0599774223

Molecular dissection of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila melanogaster.
Johnson, Erik Charles.

Molecular dissection of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila melanogaster. - 143 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-05, Section: B, page: 2304.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Maine, 2000.

The cardiac pacemaker is responsible for the intrinsic rhythmic contractions of the heart. The pacemaker responds to various stimuli including temperature, titers of neurotransmitters, and electrochemical gradients. While much is known concerning the physiology of the human pacemaker, relatively little is known about the genes encoding pacemaker function. Therefore, this study attempts to elucidate the components of the cardiac pacemaker in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which then can be applied to the more complex human pacemaker.

ISBN: 0599774223Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017835
Biology, Animal Physiology.

Molecular dissection of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila melanogaster.
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245 1 0 $a Molecular dissection of the cardiac pacemaker of Drosophila melanogaster.
300 $a 143 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 61-05, Section: B, page: 2304.
500 $a Adviser: Harold B. Dowse.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Maine, 2000.
520 $a The cardiac pacemaker is responsible for the intrinsic rhythmic contractions of the heart. The pacemaker responds to various stimuli including temperature, titers of neurotransmitters, and electrochemical gradients. While much is known concerning the physiology of the human pacemaker, relatively little is known about the genes encoding pacemaker function. Therefore, this study attempts to elucidate the components of the cardiac pacemaker in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which then can be applied to the more complex human pacemaker.
520 $a Oscillations in transmembrane potentials are central to pacemaking. Three potassium channel mutations have profound effects on heartbeat. The slowpoke mutation specifically alters the structure of a calcium-activated potassium ion channel and has severe bradycardia and arrhythmia. Mutations of the Shaker gene affect a potassium channel and cause tachycardia. The ether a go-go gene encodes a delayed rectifier potassium channel and mutations in this gene cause heart arrhythmia. An L-type calcium channel mutation, Dmca1D, has both reduced heart rate and rhythms. The injection of o-Conotoxin MVIIC, which virtually eliminates heartbeat, implicates a distinct calcium channel, believed to be encoded by the Dmca1A gene.
520 $a The cardiac pacemaker responds to neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides. The genes, DOPA-Decarboxylase and pale encode enzymes critical for the synthesis of neurotransmitters and mutations in these genes cause reduced heart rate and rhythms, suggesting a background role for neurotransmitters. Application of exogenous serotonin, octopamine, dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine all significantly increase heart rate. Dromyosupressin, PDNFMRFamide and a neuropeptide isolated from Limulus polyphemus, GHSSLHHFamide, all slow heart rate.
520 $a The mechanisms by which these substances act upon the pacemaker are through chemical modification of ion channels or through direct interactions with a receptor that alters membrane conductance. A calmodulin-dependent kinase (CAM Kinase II) mutant, l(4)16/ ciD eliminates the increase in heart rate due to injections of serotonin, thereby implying this pathway. Specific neurotransmitter receptor subtypes have been identified through pharmacological analysis. An alpha1 adenergic receptor and a 5HT2 receptor are essential for the propagation of the signal to increase heart rate when norepinephrine and serotonin are present. These receptors interact with G-proteins and lead to a stimulation of cGMP and IP3 pathways.
590 $a School code: 0113.
650 4 $a Biology, Animal Physiology. $3 1017835
650 4 $a Biology, Cell. $3 1017686
650 4 $a Biology, Genetics. $3 1017730
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery. $3 1017756
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710 2 0 $a The University of Maine. $3 1029373
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