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Welfare implications of preferences ...

Rozek, Jessica Christine.

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Welfare implications of preferences and motivational strengths of Amazon parrots for naturalistic food forms.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Welfare implications of preferences and motivational strengths of Amazon parrots for naturalistic food forms./
Author:	Rozek, Jessica Christine.
Description:	59 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 49-02, page: 1038.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International49-02.
Subject:	Biology, Zoology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=1487076
ISBN:	9781124322247

Welfare implications of preferences and motivational strengths of Amazon parrots for naturalistic food forms.
Rozek, Jessica Christine.

Welfare implications of preferences and motivational strengths of Amazon parrots for naturalistic food forms. - 59 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 49-02, page: 1038.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Davis, 2010.

Parrots in captivity experience distinctly different environmental demands, as compared to their wild conspecifics. Cages equipped with computer-monitored infra-red beams were used to characterize activity budgets of adult captive orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica) fed pelleted diets. Parrots spent nearly all of their time perching, moving off the perch only to drink and retrieve food. Over-sized pellets (20--30 times larger than regular pellets) exerted no effect on off-perch bout lengths, but they increased podomandibulation time five-fold (P=0.003). In preference trials, parrots preferred over-sized pellets to regular pellets (P<0.0001). Over-sized pellets also affected use of wooden cube enrichment devices, with parrots engaging with devices more in the absence of over-sized pellets (P=.0018). However, preference tests are limited in not quantifying preference strength. To our knowledge, no studies have used motivation tests as a means to quantify preference strength in captive parrots. Ten parrot cages were fitted with a feeder apparatus, which had a hinged lid that required lifting and allowed for the addition of weights (up to 480g). Motivation tests were conducted using three different pellet forms (regular, 0.16g/pellet; large-sized, 3.4g/pellet; and over-sized, 3--5g/pellet) of the same diet formulation. Birds were motivated to gain access to either large-sized or over-sized pellets when fed regular pellets, with 70% of birds lifting the maximum weight of 480g. Between these two, birds preferred and worked for over-sized pellets more than vice versa; the motivation for over-sized pellets exceeded that for large-sized pellets by 243g (P=0.0055; P=0.0078). Additionally, we tested birds' motivation to access wooden cubes when fed freely available over-sized or regular pellets. Birds removed more cubes when fed regular pellets (P=0.0078) and paid an average of 221g more to access them (P=0.009; P=0.0063). This provides evidence that enrichment devices may act as foraging substitutes as both wooden cubes and over-sized pellets elicit podomandibulation behavior. This behavior is severely restricted when parrots are fed regular as opposed to over-sized pellets (58s+/-10s vs. 4.27min+/-31s; P<0.0001). In summary, these results suggest that captive orange-winged Amazon parrots prefer pellet sizes that are greater than what is commercially recommended for species of their size, as evidenced by their motivation to access the larger pellets.

ISBN: 9781124322247Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018632
Biology, Zoology.

Welfare implications of preferences and motivational strengths of Amazon parrots for naturalistic food forms.
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245 1 0 $a Welfare implications of preferences and motivational strengths of Amazon parrots for naturalistic food forms.
300 $a 59 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 49-02, page: 1038.
500 $a Adviser: James R. Millam.
502 $a Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Davis, 2010.
520 $a Parrots in captivity experience distinctly different environmental demands, as compared to their wild conspecifics. Cages equipped with computer-monitored infra-red beams were used to characterize activity budgets of adult captive orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica) fed pelleted diets. Parrots spent nearly all of their time perching, moving off the perch only to drink and retrieve food. Over-sized pellets (20--30 times larger than regular pellets) exerted no effect on off-perch bout lengths, but they increased podomandibulation time five-fold (P=0.003). In preference trials, parrots preferred over-sized pellets to regular pellets (P<0.0001). Over-sized pellets also affected use of wooden cube enrichment devices, with parrots engaging with devices more in the absence of over-sized pellets (P=.0018). However, preference tests are limited in not quantifying preference strength. To our knowledge, no studies have used motivation tests as a means to quantify preference strength in captive parrots. Ten parrot cages were fitted with a feeder apparatus, which had a hinged lid that required lifting and allowed for the addition of weights (up to 480g). Motivation tests were conducted using three different pellet forms (regular, 0.16g/pellet; large-sized, 3.4g/pellet; and over-sized, 3--5g/pellet) of the same diet formulation. Birds were motivated to gain access to either large-sized or over-sized pellets when fed regular pellets, with 70% of birds lifting the maximum weight of 480g. Between these two, birds preferred and worked for over-sized pellets more than vice versa; the motivation for over-sized pellets exceeded that for large-sized pellets by 243g (P=0.0055; P=0.0078). Additionally, we tested birds' motivation to access wooden cubes when fed freely available over-sized or regular pellets. Birds removed more cubes when fed regular pellets (P=0.0078) and paid an average of 221g more to access them (P=0.009; P=0.0063). This provides evidence that enrichment devices may act as foraging substitutes as both wooden cubes and over-sized pellets elicit podomandibulation behavior. This behavior is severely restricted when parrots are fed regular as opposed to over-sized pellets (58s+/-10s vs. 4.27min+/-31s; P<0.0001). In summary, these results suggest that captive orange-winged Amazon parrots prefer pellet sizes that are greater than what is commercially recommended for species of their size, as evidenced by their motivation to access the larger pellets.
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