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Embolism and stem hydraulic conducti...

Drayton, William Michael.

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Embolism and stem hydraulic conductivity in cultivated grapevine.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Embolism and stem hydraulic conductivity in cultivated grapevine./
Author:	Drayton, William Michael.
Description:	51 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-01, page: 0316.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International48-01.
Subject:	Agriculture, Agronomy. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=1471190
ISBN:	9781109360233

Embolism and stem hydraulic conductivity in cultivated grapevine.
Drayton, William Michael.

Embolism and stem hydraulic conductivity in cultivated grapevine. - 51 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-01, page: 0316.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Davis, 2009.

The Cohesion-Tension theory predicts that sap is transported at considerable tensions through the vascular network of plants. As a result the sap is inherently unstable and will cavitate with increasing probability the greater the tension it is under. Once the sap in a xylem vessel cavitates an embolism rapidly forms which blocks the vessel and reduces the conductivity of the stem that contains that vessel. A common way to gauge how plant water transport is affected by cavitation is to construct a vulnerability curve where the percent loss in conductivity (with respect to maximum conductivity without embolism) is plotted against xylem tension (presumably equivalent to stem water potential). The lower the water potential (greater tension) reached for a certain percent loss in conductivity, the less vulnerable the plant.

ISBN: 9781109360233Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018679
Agriculture, Agronomy.

Embolism and stem hydraulic conductivity in cultivated grapevine.
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008 130515s2009 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9781109360233
035 $a (UMI)AAI1471190
035 $a AAI1471190
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Drayton, William Michael. $3 1676980
245 1 0 $a Embolism and stem hydraulic conductivity in cultivated grapevine.
300 $a 51 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 48-01, page: 0316.
500 $a Adviser: Mark A. Matthews.
502 $a Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Davis, 2009.
520 $a The Cohesion-Tension theory predicts that sap is transported at considerable tensions through the vascular network of plants. As a result the sap is inherently unstable and will cavitate with increasing probability the greater the tension it is under. Once the sap in a xylem vessel cavitates an embolism rapidly forms which blocks the vessel and reduces the conductivity of the stem that contains that vessel. A common way to gauge how plant water transport is affected by cavitation is to construct a vulnerability curve where the percent loss in conductivity (with respect to maximum conductivity without embolism) is plotted against xylem tension (presumably equivalent to stem water potential). The lower the water potential (greater tension) reached for a certain percent loss in conductivity, the less vulnerable the plant.
520 $a Grapevine has been considered a vulnerable species due to its large xylem vessels. The pit membrane hypothesis predicts that the greater the area of pit membrane in a vessel, the higher the chance of a rare large pore in that membrane. The spread of embolism through the vascular network and hence vulnerability is dependent on the frequency of these pores. Typically, large vessels have greater pit membrane areas and so are thought more vulnerable. Experimental evidence exists confirming this although, as a consequence, vulnerability curves created for grapevine typically show that the majority of its conductive capacity is lost in its usual stem water potentials range (0 to -1.8 MPa). This situation has been justified because of the high levels of initial conductivity in grapevine, allowing it to lose a significant proportion of its conductivity before adversely affecting other physiological processes.
520 $a Cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) was assessed for vulnerability to cavitation by dehydration, air-injection, and centrifuge methods. The stem water potential at which 50% loss in conductivity occurred (Psi50) was significantly higher for the centrifuge method (-0.7 MPa) than for either dehydration (-2.23 MPa) or air-injection (-2.3 MPa) methods. Native embolism at the end of the growing season was at 17% in Chardonnay compared to 9%, 19% and 87% predicted by dehydration, air-injection, and centrifuge respectively. The anomalous vulnerability curve predicted by the centrifuge technique was probably a result of open-ended vessels spanning the entire sample length. Previous estimates of grapevine vulnerability are high because of the use of the centrifuge technique or because of high levels of initial embolism before dehydration commenced. Grapevine is not as vulnerable to cavitation as previously stated in the literature.
590 $a School code: 0029.
650 4 $a Agriculture, Agronomy. $3 1018679
650 4 $a Agriculture, Horticulture. $3 1017832
650 4 $a Biology, Plant Physiology. $3 1017865
690 $a 0285
690 $a 0471
690 $a 0817
710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $3 1018682
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 48-01.
790 1 0 $a Matthews, Mark A., $e advisor
790 $a 0029
791 $a M.S.
792 $a 2009
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=1471190