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Ecology and management of venomous r...

Nowak, Erika M.

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Ecology and management of venomous reptilian predators.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Ecology and management of venomous reptilian predators./
作者:	Nowak, Erika M.
面頁冊數:	238 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4699.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International70-08B.
標題:	Biology, Ecology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3370635
ISBN:	9781109317893

Ecology and management of venomous reptilian predators.
Nowak, Erika M.

Ecology and management of venomous reptilian predators. - 238 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-08, Section: B, page: 4699.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northern Arizona University, 2009.

In some ecosystems snakes are among the largest and/or most common predators, exerting considerable pressure on prey species. Despite their roles as top predators in many warmer and island ecosystems, they have rarely been considered in theoretical models of predator-prey relationships. Among these energy-efficient terrestrial ectotherms, vipers (Viperidae) often show extreme capacities for "low energy" lifestyles. In Chapter Two I review these unique low-energy attributes, and predict potential functional and numerical responses of vipers in comparison to traditionally-studied mammalian predators. Based on this information, I hypothesize specific effects of vipers on prey populations. In Chapter Three, in the first provisioning study involving terrestrial ectothermic predators, I examine this question experimentally, asking if resource provisioning of food and water beyond that naturally available for rattlesnake prey has indirect and/or direct effects on predator spatial ecology and fitness. I examined the effects of artificial supplementation of bird food and water on Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) and their prey from 2003 to 2006, through focal rattlesnake observations and surveys of small mammals (rodents and lagomorphs) and birds. Birds and lagomorphs responded to treatments, yet there was no direct response by rattlesnakes. Perhaps due to their niche as long-lived, relatively sedentary, highly energetically efficient predators, rattlesnakes appeared relatively unresponsive to manipulations of food and water resources; only a few individuals exhibited responses through changes in spatial ecology (locations). In Chapter Four, I built on these predator-prey relationships to examine habitat, temporal, and dietary differences (partitioning) between three top-order venomous predators co-occurring with C. atrox at one of the national monuments: Northern Black-tailed Rattlesnake (C. molossus molossus), Arizona Black Rattlesnake (C. cerberus), and Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum ). The potential mechanism(s) for co-existence of these taxa are largely unexplored. Differences (partitioning) between the species were most evident in habitat use at the park-wide (landscape level), followed by frequency of movement and ontogeny of prey. The four species also had differing use of (and perhaps tolerance to) human-developed areas. Differences in habitat use, even within a small geographic area, may have contributed to differences in body temperatures among species. In the summary, Chapter Five, I discuss the ecological and management implications suggested by the previous chapters. At the present time, there is no good strategy protecting venomous reptiles while removing them from nuisance situations. Thus, after reviewing management practices for venomous species in the southwestern USA, I suggest new strategies based on my results that favor ongoing manipulation of individual nuisance animals, combined with education and alteration of human behaviors, in order to minimize undesired interactions.

ISBN: 9781109317893Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017726
Biology, Ecology.

Ecology and management of venomous reptilian predators.
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