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Antennal mechanosensory circuits in ...

Hinterwirth, Armin J.

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Antennal mechanosensory circuits in insect flight control.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Antennal mechanosensory circuits in insect flight control./
作者:	Hinterwirth, Armin J.
面頁冊數:	122 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: .
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International72-04B.
標題:	Biology, Neuroscience. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3443228
ISBN:	9781124483900

Antennal mechanosensory circuits in insect flight control.
Hinterwirth, Armin J.

Antennal mechanosensory circuits in insect flight control. - 122 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: .

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2010.

Flying insects acquire information about course deviations with the help of multiple sensory organs and multiple sensory modalities. Vision is a critical source of such stabilizing feedback. However, especially in species active at low light levels, the temporal and spatial limitations of the visual system become a limiting factor for accurate and rapid feedback. By complementing visually mediated compensatory reflexes, feedback from mechanoreceptive sensory organs increases the bandwidth of the insect's flight control system. The antennae, in particular, are the source of signals used for flight control in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, as has been shown in experiments with freely flying animals. I investigate this proposed role of the antennae in insect flight control by recording and quantifying compensatory behaviors in response to imposed perturbation of the animals' body orientation. Changes in a moth's body orientation lead to inertial forces on its appendages, including the antennae. Such inertial forces induce deformations of the cuticle at the base of the antennae, where mechanoreceptive sensilla are poised to detect and transduce the strain signals.

ISBN: 9781124483900Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017680
Biology, Neuroscience.

Antennal mechanosensory circuits in insect flight control.
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100 1 $a Hinterwirth, Armin J. $3 1675654
245 1 0 $a Antennal mechanosensory circuits in insect flight control.
300 $a 122 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: B, page: .
500 $a Adviser: Thomas L. Daniel.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2010.
520 $a Flying insects acquire information about course deviations with the help of multiple sensory organs and multiple sensory modalities. Vision is a critical source of such stabilizing feedback. However, especially in species active at low light levels, the temporal and spatial limitations of the visual system become a limiting factor for accurate and rapid feedback. By complementing visually mediated compensatory reflexes, feedback from mechanoreceptive sensory organs increases the bandwidth of the insect's flight control system. The antennae, in particular, are the source of signals used for flight control in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, as has been shown in experiments with freely flying animals. I investigate this proposed role of the antennae in insect flight control by recording and quantifying compensatory behaviors in response to imposed perturbation of the animals' body orientation. Changes in a moth's body orientation lead to inertial forces on its appendages, including the antennae. Such inertial forces induce deformations of the cuticle at the base of the antennae, where mechanoreceptive sensilla are poised to detect and transduce the strain signals.
520 $a In chapter 1, I introduce the current understanding of the role of insect antennae in flight control. Antennae are truly multisensory organs that mediate functions in many behavioral contexts, a sampling of which I briefly introduce. This chapter also describes the sensory structures (sensilla), which are the basic building blocks for many of the organs implicated in providing feedback during flight.
520 $a In chapter 2 (Hinterwirth and Daniel, 2010), I investigate behavioral responses of tethered moths to imposed body rotations. It was previously unknown whether hawkmoths are able to perceive rotations of their body axis without visual and wind cues. True flies (Diptera) use halteres to perceive such rotations via mechanoreceptors, and a role similar to halteres has been suggested for moth antennae. By experimentally separating visual and mechanical rotations of the moth around its pitch axis, I show that vision mediates strong reflexes in the wing trajectory as well as reflexes of the abdomen. In addition, antennae are critical for an abdominal flexion response in response to purely mechanical rotations. This response is dependent upon the flagellum's mass, which suggests it acts as a proof mass for an inertial sensor. Interestingly, the abdominal flexion responses mediated by vision and mechanoreception are phase-shifted in time by almost 200°. This in effect leads to an antenna-mediated suppression of visually induced abdominal flexion, which points towards the abdomen acting as a brake for induced rotations.
520 $a Chapter 3 presents a novel feedback circuit I found, in which visual motion stimuli affect the activity of intrinsic antennal muscles. This modulation of muscles leads to changes in antennal position, which necessarily affects mechanical strain sensors at the antennal base. Thus, by modulating the circuit described in chapter 2, this efferent feedback might have a role in flight control. The direction of visually elicited antennal motions suggests that this feedback is used to compensate for inertial torques on the antennae that occur during gaze stabilization.
520 $a Finally, in chapter 4, I present the consequences of stimulating antennal circuits while a moth is freely flying. By using a telemetrically controlled, miniature stimulus board that can be carried by a moth, antennal deflections, and thus mechanical strains at the base, can be induced remotely. During free flight, such deflections lead to repeatable perturbations of an animal's pitch orientation, which agrees with the notion that the antenna-mediated circuit described in chapter 2 has a prominent role in pitch stabilization.
520 $a The appendices present technical details about various experimental apparatus and software I created for my dissertation project. The large, free-flight wind tunnel used for the experiments in chapter 4 is described in appendix A. The circuit schematic as well as C code for the microprocessor employed in the laser-trigger unit that synchronized stimulation and camera events is explained in appendix B. An alternative camera trigger, based on an inexpensive web-cam and written in Java is described in appendix C. In addition, appendix D describes a graphical user interface I created for communication with the transmitter used in free-flight experiments. This software made it possible to test responses to varying stimulus parameters shown in chapter 4. Finally, appendix E presents my design of a small-volume calibration structure used for reconstructing 3D coordinates from multi-camera views of small objects, such as moth antennae.
590 $a School code: 0250.
650 4 $a Biology, Neuroscience. $3 1017680
650 4 $a Biology, Entomology. $3 1018619
690 $a 0317
690 $a 0353
710 2 $a University of Washington. $3 545923
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 72-04B.
790 1 0 $a Daniel, Thomas L., $e advisor
790 $a 0250
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2010
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