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An ecological study of American gins...

Farrington, Susan J.

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An ecological study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands: Effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation.

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	An ecological study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands: Effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation./
作者:	Farrington, Susan J.
面頁冊數:	192 p.
附註:	Adviser: Rose-Marie Muzika.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International45-02.
標題:	Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=1439611
ISBN:	9780542979675

An ecological study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands: Effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation.
Farrington, Susan J.

An ecological study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands: Effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation. - 192 p.

Adviser: Rose-Marie Muzika.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri - Columbia, 2006.

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a long-lived. Increasingly rare and highly valued understory herb. Despite its long history of harvest, there are still large gaps in our knowledge of ginseng's ecology. Understanding its ecological requirements, its life history, and its population stressors, such as deer herbivory and harvest, allows natural resource managers to protect it and its ecological role in natural communities. The first study presented here uses eight years of demographic data collected from six populations in east-central Missouri to examine life history characteristics and the effects of herbivory by white-tailed deer (Oclocoileus virginianus Zimm.) and harvest on its population dynamics. The majority of seedlings observed as long as 7 years after emergence were still non-reproductive, and projections indicate it may take 15 years for a seedling to produce enough seeds to replace itself. Deer browse disproportionately affected reproductive stage classes. In the year following browse, plants were more likely to regress in stage class and produced fewer pedicels. While the projected population growth rate was found to be growing during all of the years of the study, deer browse resulted in a significant decrease in the projected population growth rate (lambda = 1.064 in the "no herbivory" matrix and lambda = 1.035 in the ambient matrix). Annual harvest was found to be sustainable only if no more than 8% of the 3- and 4-leaf plants are removed. If seed from harvested plants is sown at an appropriate depth (2 cm) to improve germination success, up to 52% of the 3-leaf and 62% of the 4-leaf plants can be harvested annually. The second study addressed the ecological requirements of ginseng in the Missouri Ozark Highlands. The 19 ginseng sites characterized exhibited few signs of recent disturbance (grazing, timber harvest, or land conversion) and low occurrence of exotic species, but root harvest was likely in many of the sites, as indicated by the scarcity of plants even in sites known to formerly sustain larger colonies. While all stage classes were observed across the populations, there was a noticeable absence of 4-leaf plants in many of the sites. In the third study, seed germination trials were conducted to determine the most appropriate depth at which to sow ginseng. Seeds sown on the soil surface germinated at the lowest rates and those sown between 1 and 3 cm germinated at the highest rates. Depth of sowing was not found to affect the survival of seedlings after one year. The cultivation of "wild simulated ginseng" may ease harvest pressure on wild populations. Recommendations for choosing appropriate habitats for growing ''wild simulated" ginseng and methods for sowing are presented based on the findings of these studies.

ISBN: 9780542979675Subjects--Topical Terms:

783690
Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife.

An ecological study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands: Effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation.
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245 1 3 $a An ecological study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in the Missouri Ozark Highlands: Effects of herbivory and harvest, ecological characterization and wild simulated cultivation.
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520 $a American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is a long-lived. Increasingly rare and highly valued understory herb. Despite its long history of harvest, there are still large gaps in our knowledge of ginseng's ecology. Understanding its ecological requirements, its life history, and its population stressors, such as deer herbivory and harvest, allows natural resource managers to protect it and its ecological role in natural communities. The first study presented here uses eight years of demographic data collected from six populations in east-central Missouri to examine life history characteristics and the effects of herbivory by white-tailed deer (Oclocoileus virginianus Zimm.) and harvest on its population dynamics. The majority of seedlings observed as long as 7 years after emergence were still non-reproductive, and projections indicate it may take 15 years for a seedling to produce enough seeds to replace itself. Deer browse disproportionately affected reproductive stage classes. In the year following browse, plants were more likely to regress in stage class and produced fewer pedicels. While the projected population growth rate was found to be growing during all of the years of the study, deer browse resulted in a significant decrease in the projected population growth rate (lambda = 1.064 in the "no herbivory" matrix and lambda = 1.035 in the ambient matrix). Annual harvest was found to be sustainable only if no more than 8% of the 3- and 4-leaf plants are removed. If seed from harvested plants is sown at an appropriate depth (2 cm) to improve germination success, up to 52% of the 3-leaf and 62% of the 4-leaf plants can be harvested annually. The second study addressed the ecological requirements of ginseng in the Missouri Ozark Highlands. The 19 ginseng sites characterized exhibited few signs of recent disturbance (grazing, timber harvest, or land conversion) and low occurrence of exotic species, but root harvest was likely in many of the sites, as indicated by the scarcity of plants even in sites known to formerly sustain larger colonies. While all stage classes were observed across the populations, there was a noticeable absence of 4-leaf plants in many of the sites. In the third study, seed germination trials were conducted to determine the most appropriate depth at which to sow ginseng. Seeds sown on the soil surface germinated at the lowest rates and those sown between 1 and 3 cm germinated at the highest rates. Depth of sowing was not found to affect the survival of seedlings after one year. The cultivation of "wild simulated ginseng" may ease harvest pressure on wild populations. Recommendations for choosing appropriate habitats for growing ''wild simulated" ginseng and methods for sowing are presented based on the findings of these studies.
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