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The application of molecular tools t...

Pelletreau, Karen Nicole.

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The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins./
Author:	Pelletreau, Karen Nicole.
Description:	230 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Nancy M. Targett.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International69-09B.
Subject:	Biology, Molecular. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3320997
ISBN:	9780549752202

The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins.
Pelletreau, Karen Nicole.

The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins. - 230 p.

Adviser: Nancy M. Targett.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2008.

Phlorotannins occur exclusively in marine brown algae, where they are a major group of secondary metabolites comprising up to 20-30% dry mass in some species. While at times there appear to be patterns associated with phlorotannin concentration and distribution, the interpretation of these patterns in terms of phlorotannin function is often confounded by methodological, temporal, spatial and phylogenetic variability. To clearly understand the underlying factors that affect phlorotannin production, it is critical that the cellular and molecular processes involved in phlorotannin synthesis be identified and that their regulation addressed at the molecular level.

ISBN: 9780549752202Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017719
Biology, Molecular.

The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins.
LDR:04622nam 2200361 a 45 001 953899
005 20110621
008 110622s2008 ||||||||||||||||| ||eng d
020 $a 9780549752202
035 $a (UMI)AAI3320997
035 $a AAI3320997
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Pelletreau, Karen Nicole. $3 1277377
245 1 4 $a The application of molecular tools towards the study of brown algal chemical ecology and the production of phlorotannins.
300 $a 230 p.
500 $a Adviser: Nancy M. Targett.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-09, Section: B, page: .
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2008.
520 $a Phlorotannins occur exclusively in marine brown algae, where they are a major group of secondary metabolites comprising up to 20-30% dry mass in some species. While at times there appear to be patterns associated with phlorotannin concentration and distribution, the interpretation of these patterns in terms of phlorotannin function is often confounded by methodological, temporal, spatial and phylogenetic variability. To clearly understand the underlying factors that affect phlorotannin production, it is critical that the cellular and molecular processes involved in phlorotannin synthesis be identified and that their regulation addressed at the molecular level.
520 $a Quantification of phlorotannin concentration is an important element of all phlorotannin studies. Current quantification methods are entirely reliant on colorimetric or microscopic approaches. This study explores methods to streamline existing colorimetric assays (Chapter 2). The results suggest the use of a 96 well high-throughput format, with shorter incubation times and the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a denaturant, decreases overall processing time and increases experimental power.
520 $a The molecular approach used in this study explored biosynthetic and genetic processes involved in phlorotannin synthesis. Because of the reactivity of phlorotannins, molecular studies on brown algae have proven challenging. An initial, target specific PCR-based approach to amplify genes of secondary metabolism in Fucus vesiculosus proved unsuccessful (Chapter 3), therefore a broader more inclusive approach of suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to characterize gene expression in phlorotannin producing algae. These SSH cDNA libraries generated 165 novel genes from Fucus vesiculosus . In the first library, gene expression in adventitious branches, which constitutively produce higher phlorotannins than vegetative branches, was investigated in the context of resource allocation (Chapter 4). Although investment into phlorotannin production was high in these branches, genes from the SSH cDNA library were primarily those involved in photosynthesis, growth and primary metabolism, contradicting the prediction of the optimal defense model of resource allocation (Chapter 4).
520 $a Induction of phlorotannin production using a known signaling molecule, volatile methyl jasmonate (MeJA) was investigated (Chapter 5). Temporal changes in response to MeJA were observed, with a significant induction of phlorotannin synthesis occurring after a two week period. Perception of the volatile signal occurred regardless of season (winter vs. summer) or of application (volatile vs. direct exposure), and while algae were both submerged and emersed. Gene expression patterns supported a stress response in the algae treated with MeJA, and several up-regulated genes were suggestive of an octadecanoid-like/volatile signaling pathway in brown algae.
520 $a Many of the genes characterized in this study have potential application for ecological study. This initial investigation of the molecular underpinnings of phlorotannins synthesis is a step towards generating direct links between environmental cues and expression of metabolic enzymes, an understanding of which will ultimately enhance the development of ecological models to explain the functional role of phlorotannins and in brown algae. In turn, this will result in a better characterization of the primary factors that shape intertidal and subtidal ecology.
590 $a School code: 0060.
650 4 $a Biology, Molecular. $3 1017719
650 4 $a Biology, Oceanography. $3 783691
690 $a 0307
690 $a 0416
710 2 $a University of Delaware. $b Marine Studies. $3 1270038
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 69-09B.
790 $a 0060
790 1 0 $a Arnold, Thomas M. $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Coyne, Kathryn J. $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Marsh, Adam G. $e committee member
790 1 0 $a Targett, Nancy M., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2008
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3320997