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Biological effects of dietary antiox...

Gonsalves, Jana L.

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Biological effects of dietary antioxidants from almonds and cocoa.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Biological effects of dietary antioxidants from almonds and cocoa./
Author:	Gonsalves, Jana L.
Description:	121 p.
Notes:	Adviser: Carl L. Keen.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International63-09B.
Subject:	Biology, Animal Physiology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3065249
ISBN:	049384130X

Biological effects of dietary antioxidants from almonds and cocoa.
Gonsalves, Jana L.

Biological effects of dietary antioxidants from almonds and cocoa. - 121 p.

Adviser: Carl L. Keen.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2002.

Over the last two decades, a large body of scientific evidence has amassed implicating the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development and progression of various age-related disorders including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and macular degeneration. To combat ROS and the damage that they can cause, oxidant defense systems exist, consisting of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and cellular antioxidants (glutathione, uric acid, α-tocopherol, polyphenols, vitamin C), complementing each other functionally in order to maintain homeostasis.

ISBN: 049384130XSubjects--Topical Terms:

1017835
Biology, Animal Physiology.

Biological effects of dietary antioxidants from almonds and cocoa.
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005 20110512
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020 $a 049384130X
035 $a (UnM)AAI3065249
035 $a AAI3065249
040 $a UnM $c UnM
100 1 $a Gonsalves, Jana L. $3 1262633
245 1 0 $a Biological effects of dietary antioxidants from almonds and cocoa.
300 $a 121 p.
500 $a Adviser: Carl L. Keen.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 63-09, Section: B, page: 4121.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2002.
520 $a Over the last two decades, a large body of scientific evidence has amassed implicating the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development and progression of various age-related disorders including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and macular degeneration. To combat ROS and the damage that they can cause, oxidant defense systems exist, consisting of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and cellular antioxidants (glutathione, uric acid, α-tocopherol, polyphenols, vitamin C), complementing each other functionally in order to maintain homeostasis.
520 $a Polyphenols, specifically flavonoids, are reported to be powerful antioxidants and may function by various mechanisms. Recent research has focused on the biological effects of cocoa flavonoids, including potent antioxidant effects, and reductions in platelet reactivity. More recently, research characterizing the polyphenols in almonds shows compounds similar in structure and function to those found in cocoa to be present in the skins.
520 $a The present research investigated the effects of dietary antioxidants, including polyphenols, from almonds and cocoa, on oxidant defense systems, markers of oxidative damage, and eicosanoid synthesis in a cell culture model, and in rats, and humans. The effects of cocoa flavonoids on eicosanoid profiles in human aortic endothelial cells and <italic>in vivo</italic> in humans were examined. In both <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> experiments, improvements in the leukotriene:prostacyclin ratios, (decreasing by 58% and 52% respectively), were noted.
520 $a The effects of almond consumption in two populations at risk for increased oxidative stress were examined. After six weeks of almond consumption in male runners, we observed a trend towards increased plasma α-tocopherol concentrations, however this did not result in any changes in markers of oxidative damage or oxidant defense. Similarly, there were no changes observed in eicosanoid synthesis with almond consumption. The results from the smokers study were confounded by complications with the batch of almonds used.
520 $a Finally, we examined the effects of almond meal, almond skin, and cocoa on erythrocyte hemolysis in rats. The inclusion of almond skin or cocoa in the diet resulted in improvements in antioxidant capacity (TRAP) and partially protected erythrocytes from AAPH-induced hemolysis. The effects at the level of the erythrocyte seem to be due to the flavonoids present in the almonds and the cocoa.
590 $a School code: 0029.
650 4 $a Biology, Animal Physiology. $3 1017835
650 4 $a Biology, Cell. $3 1017686
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery. $3 1017756
650 4 $a Health Sciences, Nutrition. $3 1017801
690 $a 0379
690 $a 0433
690 $a 0564
690 $a 0570
710 2 0 $a University of California, Davis. $3 1018682
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 63-09B.
790 $a 0029
790 1 0 $a Keen, Carl L., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2002
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3065249