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The origins, evolution, and phylogen...

Brigham Young University.

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The origins, evolution, and phylogeny of the praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea).

紀錄類型:	書目-語言資料,印刷品 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	The origins, evolution, and phylogeny of the praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea)./
作者:	Svenson, Gavin John.
面頁冊數:	356 p.
附註:	Adviser: Michael F. Whiting.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International68-06B.
標題:	Biology, Entomology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3269338
ISBN:	9780549080718

The origins, evolution, and phylogeny of the praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea).
Svenson, Gavin John.

The origins, evolution, and phylogeny of the praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea). - 356 p.

Adviser: Michael F. Whiting.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brigham Young University, 2007.

A comprehensive taxonomic and distributional sampling of Mantodea, covering virtually all higher-level groups, was assembled to reconstruct the phylogeny for the order. Sequence data were generated from five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci for 331 mantis species along with ten cockroach and termite species as outgroups. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses served as the first glimpse of mantis evolutionary relationships and provided a template for further investigation. Only 7 of 15 families, 16 of 48 subfamilies, and 11 of 46 tribes were recovered as monophyletic indicating that phylogeny is largely incongruent with current mantis classification. As is the case in many other orders of insects, 'key characters' that do not reflect phylogeny are largely responsible for delimiting the groups. An investigation of mantis hunting strategy revealed clear transitions from generalist hunting mantises to the more derived strategies of cursorial and ambush hunting. In fact, the ambush hunting strategy appears to have evolved once, which led to a major diversification within the order.

ISBN: 9780549080718Subjects--Topical Terms:

1018619
Biology, Entomology.

The origins, evolution, and phylogeny of the praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea).
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020 $a 9780549080718
035 $a (UMI)AAI3269338
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100 1 $a Svenson, Gavin John. $3 1018796
245 1 4 $a The origins, evolution, and phylogeny of the praying mantises (Dictyoptera: Mantodea).
300 $a 356 p.
500 $a Adviser: Michael F. Whiting.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-06, Section: B, page: 3525.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brigham Young University, 2007.
520 $a A comprehensive taxonomic and distributional sampling of Mantodea, covering virtually all higher-level groups, was assembled to reconstruct the phylogeny for the order. Sequence data were generated from five mitochondrial and four nuclear loci for 331 mantis species along with ten cockroach and termite species as outgroups. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses served as the first glimpse of mantis evolutionary relationships and provided a template for further investigation. Only 7 of 15 families, 16 of 48 subfamilies, and 11 of 46 tribes were recovered as monophyletic indicating that phylogeny is largely incongruent with current mantis classification. As is the case in many other orders of insects, 'key characters' that do not reflect phylogeny are largely responsible for delimiting the groups. An investigation of mantis hunting strategy revealed clear transitions from generalist hunting mantises to the more derived strategies of cursorial and ambush hunting. In fact, the ambush hunting strategy appears to have evolved once, which led to a major diversification within the order.
520 $a Some praying mantises have sensitive ultrasonic hearing arising from a unique 'cyclopean' ear located in the ventral metathorax. This project explored the evolutionary history of the mantis auditory system by integrating large anatomical, neurophysiological, behavioral, and molecular databases. Using an 'auditory phylogeny' based on 13 morphological characters, a primitively earless form of metathoracic anatomy was indentified in several extant taxa. In addition, there are five distinct mantis auditory systems. Three of these can be identified anatomically, and the other two can only be detected neurophysiologically. Mapping these results onto a phylogenetic tree derived from molecular data, shows that the cyclopean mantis ear evolved once 85-90 mya. All the other auditory system types are either varying degrees of secondary loss, or are recent innovations that each occurred independently multiple times. The neurophysiological response to ultrasound is remarkably consistent across all taxa tested, as is the multi-component, in-flight behavior triggered by ultrasound. Thus, mantises have an ancient, highly conserved auditory neural-behavioral system that probably arose for evasion of echolocating predators. Modern bat families diverged ca. 63 mya, but the echolocating ancestors of bats appeared earlier. Alternatively, non-bat predators may have driven the evolution of the unique mantis auditory systems.
520 $a Mapping biogeographic regions on the phylogeny demonstrated that our results adhere closer to geographic distribution than to the current classification. Specific patterns in distribution suggest that major morphological convergences have confounded taxonomists ability to construct natural groups. It was found that major mantis lineages diverged prior to the isolation of geographic regions and subsequent ecomorphic specializations within these regions led to convergences in morphology. Divergence time estimations place the origins of Mantodea at the beginning of the Jurassic with modern mantises originating on Gondwanaland in the Early Cretaceous. The first major divergence among modern mantises occurred as a result of the splitting of South America from Africa. The subsequent breakup of Gondwanaland continents spurred numerous divergences within the order and led to the contemporary paraphyletic assemblages of taxa within each biogeographic region. In fact, most divergences between Afrotropical and Indomalayan lineages resulted from the slow dissociation between Africa and the Indian subcontinent. Our results also suggest that Antarctica played an important role as a biological conduit during the diversification of some Afrotropical and Indomalayan lineages. Further, Antarctica facilitated the repeated invasions of South America and Australia prior to the separation of these two continents from Antarctica during the Eocene. When India slammed into Asia around 50 million years ago, it released a flood of mantises into Asia and Southeast Asia that diversified and currently comprise the largest component of Indomalayan taxa. The origins, secondary invasions, and regional extinctions have created an order of insects with complex distributional and evolutionary histories. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
590 $a School code: 0022.
650 4 $a Biology, Entomology. $3 1018619
690 $a 0353
710 2 $a Brigham Young University. $3 1017451
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 68-06B.
790 $a 0022
790 1 0 $a Whiting, Michael F., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2007
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3269338