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The neural substrates of the process...

McGill University (Canada).

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The neural substrates of the processing of speech sounds.

Record Type:	Language materials, printed : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The neural substrates of the processing of speech sounds./
Author:	Johnsrude, Ingrid Suzanne.
Description:	203 p.
Notes:	Adviser: B. A. Milner.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International60-06B.
Subject:	Psychology, Physiological. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NQ36992
ISBN:	9780612369924

The neural substrates of the processing of speech sounds.
Johnsrude, Ingrid Suzanne.

The neural substrates of the processing of speech sounds. - 203 p.

Adviser: B. A. Milner.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 1997.

This work includes several studies exploring functional specialization of human primary and anterior secondary auditory cortex (AC) in the two hemispheres. It was hypothesized that the left hemisphere prepotency for linguistic processing is based, in part, on specialized mechanisms within this hemisphere for the processing of acoustic transients relevant to speech. Evidence supporting this idea was obtained in a positron emission tomography study (PET). Since nonlinguistic stimuli were used, the observed left-hemispheric activation cannot be specific to the speech system, but must reflect a more general processing mechanism. A reanalysis of data from six auditory PET studies revealed that the peak focus of auditory activation was significantly posterior to Heschl's gyrus (HG) in the right hemisphere, while it encompassed HG in the left. The cause of this asymmetry is unknown, but it appears to hold true for other auditory functional imaging studies in the literature. Functional specialization in auditory regions was also explored by testing patients with anterior temporal-lobe resections from either the left (LT) or right (RT) hemisphere and normal volunteers on several linguistic and nonlinguistic auditory tasks. The excisions in these patients always included some secondary AC, and sometimes included primary AC (HG). I had speculated that anterior. secondary AC in the left hemisphere was specialized for processing word-sounds, but patients with excisions in this area were unimpaired in their ability to use such information to retrieve items from the mental lexicon. Furthermore these patients did not show a disproportionate impairment on a lexical decision task, when items were presented aurally instead of visually, compared to normal subjects. With few exceptions, a battery of psychophysical tests of auditory processes were performed normally by all groups. The notable exception was an impairment in the group of RT patients with lesions that included HG on a task requiring the discrimination of the direction of pitch change of two tones, despite this group's normal performance of a same/different discrimination task using identical stimuli. This finding is consistent with the idea that right HG plays a role in the organization of pitch information.

ISBN: 9780612369924Subjects--Topical Terms:

1017869
Psychology, Physiological.

The neural substrates of the processing of speech sounds.
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005 20100629
008 100629s1997 eng d
020 $a 9780612369924
035 $a (UMI)AAINQ36992
035 $a AAINQ36992
040 $a UMI $c UMI
100 1 $a Johnsrude, Ingrid Suzanne. $3 1018123
245 1 4 $a The neural substrates of the processing of speech sounds.
300 $a 203 p.
500 $a Adviser: B. A. Milner.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 60-06, Section: B, page: 3004.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 1997.
520 $a This work includes several studies exploring functional specialization of human primary and anterior secondary auditory cortex (AC) in the two hemispheres. It was hypothesized that the left hemisphere prepotency for linguistic processing is based, in part, on specialized mechanisms within this hemisphere for the processing of acoustic transients relevant to speech. Evidence supporting this idea was obtained in a positron emission tomography study (PET). Since nonlinguistic stimuli were used, the observed left-hemispheric activation cannot be specific to the speech system, but must reflect a more general processing mechanism. A reanalysis of data from six auditory PET studies revealed that the peak focus of auditory activation was significantly posterior to Heschl's gyrus (HG) in the right hemisphere, while it encompassed HG in the left. The cause of this asymmetry is unknown, but it appears to hold true for other auditory functional imaging studies in the literature. Functional specialization in auditory regions was also explored by testing patients with anterior temporal-lobe resections from either the left (LT) or right (RT) hemisphere and normal volunteers on several linguistic and nonlinguistic auditory tasks. The excisions in these patients always included some secondary AC, and sometimes included primary AC (HG). I had speculated that anterior. secondary AC in the left hemisphere was specialized for processing word-sounds, but patients with excisions in this area were unimpaired in their ability to use such information to retrieve items from the mental lexicon. Furthermore these patients did not show a disproportionate impairment on a lexical decision task, when items were presented aurally instead of visually, compared to normal subjects. With few exceptions, a battery of psychophysical tests of auditory processes were performed normally by all groups. The notable exception was an impairment in the group of RT patients with lesions that included HG on a task requiring the discrimination of the direction of pitch change of two tones, despite this group's normal performance of a same/different discrimination task using identical stimuli. This finding is consistent with the idea that right HG plays a role in the organization of pitch information.
590 $a School code: 0781.
650 4 $a Psychology, Physiological. $3 1017869
650 4 $a Speech Communication. $3 1017408
690 $a 0459
690 $a 0989
710 2 0 $a McGill University (Canada). $3 1018122
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 60-06B.
790 $a 0781
790 1 0 $a Milner, B. A., $e advisor
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 1997
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NQ36992