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Management Effects on Biodiversity and Pollination Services in a Suburban Landscape.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Management Effects on Biodiversity and Pollination Services in a Suburban Landscape./
Author:	Hosler, Sheryl C.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2024,
Description:	167 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International86-01A.
Subject:	Ecology. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=31496246
ISBN:	9798382952840

Management Effects on Biodiversity and Pollination Services in a Suburban Landscape.
Hosler, Sheryl C.

Management Effects on Biodiversity and Pollination Services in a Suburban Landscape. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2024 - 167 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Chicago, 2024.

.

Bees facilitate a vital ecosystem function through their role in moving pollen among flowers for plant reproduction. Because bees are sensitive to disturbance and resource availability in their environment, human dominated landscapes may be hypothesized to present hostile environments to bees. However, previous research has indicated that urban and suburban areas may provide quality habitat for bees and support pollination services. The mechanisms determining the suitability of urban environments as bee habitat are still largely unknown. I conducted a series of field studies in the Chicago area to determine the effects of the suburban environment on bee biodiversity and pollination services. Sampling was done in residential backyards and gardens as well as in powerline corridors (the strips of land under high-voltage powerlines and towers).In chapter one, I provide a brief overview of the literature on urban ecology, land management, and pollinators. This review contextualizes my research within the currently published literature and demonstrates the novelty and importance of my contributions.In chapter two, I investigated the alpha, beta, and gamma level biodiversity responses of bees and floral resources to site management scale. The powerline corridors in the Chicago region are managed by a single entity Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), and the length of any single corridor is managed using the same technique. Therefore, powerline corridors represented "large scale" vegetation management. On the other hand, residential neighborhoods are composed of a patchwork of yards, each managed by an individual homeowner, so neighborhoods represented "small scale" management. I found that bee and floral resource alpha and gamma diversity tended to be higher in the prairie-type powerline corridors and also in oldfield-type corridors and residential neighborhoods to some degree. I also showed that beta diversity for both groups was higher in residential neighborhoods. This is most likely due to the resource and management heterogeneity of neighborhoods managed by many small-scale decision makers and indicates that neighborhoods might provide opportunities for conservation in suburban areas.In chapter three, I examined the effects of site management on the taxonomic and functional trait diversity of floral resources and bees as well as the quantity of pollination services. I used the fruit and seed set of cucumber plants as proxies for pollination services and related cucumber productivity to taxonomic and functional trait-based measures of the bee community. I found that cucumber seed set increased with increasing bee community functional evenness. This result suggests that sites with more even representation of many bee functional trait values have higher pollination activity than sites dominated by a few trait values.In chapter four, I expanded on my previous investigation of pollination services in the Chicago suburbs by using a different sentinel plant. Rather than a cultivar or ornamental species, I utilized a native annual plant, Bidens aristosa or swamp marigold. After collecting seeds produced by these plants in the field sites, I planted them in the greenhouse to measure seed germination rates under optimum growth conditions. I then conducted a structural equation analysis to illustrate the direct and indirect effects of site management, floral resource community characteristics, and bee community characteristics on the quantity and quality of pollination services received by B. aristosa in my sites. I found that floral functional divergence directly affected both bees and pollination. I also found that communities with more social bees had greater pollination services, but that overall it was difficult to discern patterns of direct effects between variables in this complex system.The combined results of this dissertation indicate that powerline corridors and suburban residential neighborhoods provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation and support a vital ecosystem function. However, these opportunities are heavily dependent on site management type, as both management disturbance and the different floral resource communities resulting from various management techniques determine overall effects on biodiversity and pollination services. While previous research has indicated that urban and suburban areas may be suitable habitats for bees, the results of this study show that not all suburban habitats are created equal. Therefore, future research should focus on determining causal relationships between suburban site characteristics and both the bee community and pollination services.

ISBN: 9798382952840Subjects--Topical Terms:

516476
Ecology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Urban ecology

Management Effects on Biodiversity and Pollination Services in a Suburban Landscape.
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245 1 0 $a Management Effects on Biodiversity and Pollination Services in a Suburban Landscape.
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300 $a 167 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 86-01, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Minor, Emily S.;Whelan, Christopher J.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Chicago, 2024.
506 $a .
520 $a Bees facilitate a vital ecosystem function through their role in moving pollen among flowers for plant reproduction. Because bees are sensitive to disturbance and resource availability in their environment, human dominated landscapes may be hypothesized to present hostile environments to bees. However, previous research has indicated that urban and suburban areas may provide quality habitat for bees and support pollination services. The mechanisms determining the suitability of urban environments as bee habitat are still largely unknown. I conducted a series of field studies in the Chicago area to determine the effects of the suburban environment on bee biodiversity and pollination services. Sampling was done in residential backyards and gardens as well as in powerline corridors (the strips of land under high-voltage powerlines and towers).In chapter one, I provide a brief overview of the literature on urban ecology, land management, and pollinators. This review contextualizes my research within the currently published literature and demonstrates the novelty and importance of my contributions.In chapter two, I investigated the alpha, beta, and gamma level biodiversity responses of bees and floral resources to site management scale. The powerline corridors in the Chicago region are managed by a single entity Commonwealth Edison (ComEd), and the length of any single corridor is managed using the same technique. Therefore, powerline corridors represented "large scale" vegetation management. On the other hand, residential neighborhoods are composed of a patchwork of yards, each managed by an individual homeowner, so neighborhoods represented "small scale" management. I found that bee and floral resource alpha and gamma diversity tended to be higher in the prairie-type powerline corridors and also in oldfield-type corridors and residential neighborhoods to some degree. I also showed that beta diversity for both groups was higher in residential neighborhoods. This is most likely due to the resource and management heterogeneity of neighborhoods managed by many small-scale decision makers and indicates that neighborhoods might provide opportunities for conservation in suburban areas.In chapter three, I examined the effects of site management on the taxonomic and functional trait diversity of floral resources and bees as well as the quantity of pollination services. I used the fruit and seed set of cucumber plants as proxies for pollination services and related cucumber productivity to taxonomic and functional trait-based measures of the bee community. I found that cucumber seed set increased with increasing bee community functional evenness. This result suggests that sites with more even representation of many bee functional trait values have higher pollination activity than sites dominated by a few trait values.In chapter four, I expanded on my previous investigation of pollination services in the Chicago suburbs by using a different sentinel plant. Rather than a cultivar or ornamental species, I utilized a native annual plant, Bidens aristosa or swamp marigold. After collecting seeds produced by these plants in the field sites, I planted them in the greenhouse to measure seed germination rates under optimum growth conditions. I then conducted a structural equation analysis to illustrate the direct and indirect effects of site management, floral resource community characteristics, and bee community characteristics on the quantity and quality of pollination services received by B. aristosa in my sites. I found that floral functional divergence directly affected both bees and pollination. I also found that communities with more social bees had greater pollination services, but that overall it was difficult to discern patterns of direct effects between variables in this complex system.The combined results of this dissertation indicate that powerline corridors and suburban residential neighborhoods provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation and support a vital ecosystem function. However, these opportunities are heavily dependent on site management type, as both management disturbance and the different floral resource communities resulting from various management techniques determine overall effects on biodiversity and pollination services. While previous research has indicated that urban and suburban areas may be suitable habitats for bees, the results of this study show that not all suburban habitats are created equal. Therefore, future research should focus on determining causal relationships between suburban site characteristics and both the bee community and pollination services.
590 $a School code: 0799.
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Entomology. $3 615844
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
650 4 $a Land use planning. $3 2122760
653 $a Urban ecology
653 $a Pollination
653 $a Ecosystem service
653 $a Biodiversity
653 $a Insect pollinator
653 $a Powerline corridor
653 $a Residential yard
690 $a 0329
690 $a 0353
690 $a 0536
690 $a 0768
690 $a 0474
710 2 $a University of Illinois at Chicago. $b Biological Sciences. $3 3560370
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 86-01A.
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791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2024
793 $a English
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