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Developmental Plasticity of Locomoti...

Katugam-Dechene, Kavyasree S.

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Developmental Plasticity of Locomotion: Energetics, Mechanics, and Muscle.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Developmental Plasticity of Locomotion: Energetics, Mechanics, and Muscle./
Author:	Katugam-Dechene, Kavyasree S.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2023,
Description:	337 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International85-05B.
Subject:	Load. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30720626
ISBN:	9798380725903

Developmental Plasticity of Locomotion: Energetics, Mechanics, and Muscle.
Katugam-Dechene, Kavyasree S.

Developmental Plasticity of Locomotion: Energetics, Mechanics, and Muscle. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2023 - 337 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2023.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

In light of increasing trends of inactivity in children, it is important to understand how the musculoskeletal system adapts to varying levels of exercise during growth, and how these adaptations affect musculoskeletal health after maturation. Because of the practical and ethical limitations of controlled, long-term intervention studies in growing children, this dissertation used a bipedal animal model, guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to address questions into developmental locomotor and musculoskeletal plasticity. The overarching questions addressed in this dissertation are whether an increased mechanical load stimulus during growth elicits musculoskeletal and locomotor adaptations that improve locomotor function, and whether these adaptations persist into adulthood. Guinea fowl were either fitted with a unilateral distal limb mass across the duration of maturation (load group; n = 20) or grown without external loading (control group; n = 20). The first study used measurements of metabolic energy consumption during treadmill walking, showing that locomotor economy responds plastically to increased mechanical load during growth, resulting in a markedly improved economy of limb load carriage. The second study assessed the retention of developmental adaptations, and found that animals converged back to 'normal' energetic abilities later in adulthood, even after their drastically different growth-period load stimulus. The third study investigated whether the improvements in locomotor economy discovered in Study 1 could be explained by adaptations in lower limb swing-phase joint mechanics. This study showed that the mechanical power required to swing the limb and move the added limb load could not explain the reduction in metabolic energy observed after chronic limb loading. The final study investigated whether the improved locomotor economy observed in Study 1 arose through adaptations in muscular architecture. A hybrid modeling-experimental approach revealed that chronic developmental loading resulted in both increased muscle mass and architectural adaptations that can improve muscle efficiency.Animals, however, exhibited multiple adaptive strategies, indicating that muscle architecture is not highly constrained in developing guinea fowl. Together, the findings of this dissertation indicate that the musculoskeletal system is highly plastic during development. Given the link between the effort required to move and engagement in exercise, these data indicate that growth-period exercise (or lack thereof) can affect the musculoskeletal system in ways that may impact the propensity for physical activity.

ISBN: 9798380725903Subjects--Topical Terms:

3562902
Load.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Musculoskeletal system

Developmental Plasticity of Locomotion: Energetics, Mechanics, and Muscle.
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245 1 0 $a Developmental Plasticity of Locomotion: Energetics, Mechanics, and Muscle.
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300 $a 337 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 85-05, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Rubenson, Jonas.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Pennsylvania State University, 2023.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a In light of increasing trends of inactivity in children, it is important to understand how the musculoskeletal system adapts to varying levels of exercise during growth, and how these adaptations affect musculoskeletal health after maturation. Because of the practical and ethical limitations of controlled, long-term intervention studies in growing children, this dissertation used a bipedal animal model, guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) to address questions into developmental locomotor and musculoskeletal plasticity. The overarching questions addressed in this dissertation are whether an increased mechanical load stimulus during growth elicits musculoskeletal and locomotor adaptations that improve locomotor function, and whether these adaptations persist into adulthood. Guinea fowl were either fitted with a unilateral distal limb mass across the duration of maturation (load group; n = 20) or grown without external loading (control group; n = 20). The first study used measurements of metabolic energy consumption during treadmill walking, showing that locomotor economy responds plastically to increased mechanical load during growth, resulting in a markedly improved economy of limb load carriage. The second study assessed the retention of developmental adaptations, and found that animals converged back to 'normal' energetic abilities later in adulthood, even after their drastically different growth-period load stimulus. The third study investigated whether the improvements in locomotor economy discovered in Study 1 could be explained by adaptations in lower limb swing-phase joint mechanics. This study showed that the mechanical power required to swing the limb and move the added limb load could not explain the reduction in metabolic energy observed after chronic limb loading. The final study investigated whether the improved locomotor economy observed in Study 1 arose through adaptations in muscular architecture. A hybrid modeling-experimental approach revealed that chronic developmental loading resulted in both increased muscle mass and architectural adaptations that can improve muscle efficiency.Animals, however, exhibited multiple adaptive strategies, indicating that muscle architecture is not highly constrained in developing guinea fowl. Together, the findings of this dissertation indicate that the musculoskeletal system is highly plastic during development. Given the link between the effort required to move and engagement in exercise, these data indicate that growth-period exercise (or lack thereof) can affect the musculoskeletal system in ways that may impact the propensity for physical activity.
590 $a School code: 0176.
650 4 $a Load. $3 3562902
650 4 $a Ankle. $3 3563106
650 4 $a Physiology. $3 518431
650 4 $a Kinematics. $3 571109
650 4 $a Sensitivity analysis. $3 3560752
650 4 $a Knee. $3 1364375
650 4 $a Force. $3 3691468
650 4 $a Energy. $3 876794
650 4 $a Metabolism. $3 541349
650 4 $a Clinical psychology. $3 524863
650 4 $a Kinesiology. $3 517627
653 $a Musculoskeletal system
653 $a Locomotor economy
653 $a Metabolic energy
653 $a Chronic development
653 $a Growth-period exercise
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773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 85-05B.
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793 $a English
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=30720626