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Clinical Features and Diagnosis -- Burden of Diabetic Foot -- Incidence, prevalence of foot ulceration -- Cost of foot ulceration -- The clinical examination of the diabetic foot and the identification of the at risk patient -- Clinical examination -- Screening techniques -- Classification of ulcers (Wagner and Texas classification and others in brief) -- (omit vascular examination) -- Diabetic neuropathy -- Epidemiology -- Classification -- Clinical features, main emphasis on sensorimotor neuropathy or other neuropathies of lower extremity -- Differential diagnosis -- Treatment -- Clinical features and diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease -- Pathogenesis -- Clinical features -- Diagnostic criteria -- Non-invasive methods, TcPO2, ABI -- Invasive methods -- Proposed algorithm, Reference to the ADA Consensus statement and PAD statement -- Radiographic changes of the diabetic foot -- Plain x-rays -- MRI -- Osteomyelitis diagnosis -- Differential diagnosis of osteomyelitis and Charcot -- MRI spectroscopy -- Principles of care in the diabetic surgical patient -- Control of DM in the surgical patient -- Role of intensive treatment -- Pathophysiology -- Pathophysiology of wound healing in chronic wounds -- Physiology of wound healing -- Pathophysiology of wound healing in DM -- Role of inflammation -- Role of angiogenesis under normal conditions -- Angiogenesis and Diabetes -- Pathophysiology of angiogenesis in the healing of the diabetic foot ulcer -- Factors that Affect Diabetic Wound Healing -- Neuropeptides and wound healing -- Mast cells -- PTP1B in wound healing -- Animal data vs human data: Similarities and differences -- Mechanisms of Vascular Disease in Diabetes -- Micro vs macrocirculation -- PAD in diabetes -- Role of microcirculation -- Omics, their role in understanding the diabetic lower extremity pathophysiology -- Skin Changes in the Diabetic Foot -- Dermatologic conditions Inflammation -- Biomechanics of the diabetic foot -- Foot anatomy related to biomechanics -- Gait Cycle -- Changes in diabetes (LJM, high foot pressures) -- Balance in diabetes -- Development of foot ulceration -- Methods to measure foot pressures -- Out of shoe methods -- In shoe methods -- Foot pressure measurements in diabetes -- Cell Therapies: New Frontier for the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulceration -- Limitations of currently available treatments -- Emerging new concepts -- Role of extracellular vesicles, modified mRNA, miRNA and siRNA in diabetic lower extremity complications -- New Biomaterials for the Management of the Diabetic Lower Extremity -- Microbiota of diabetic lower extremity -- Wound infection in diabetes -- Biomarkers of DFU and its healing progress -- Animal models of DFU -- Management of the Diabetic Foot -- Microbiology and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infection -- Microbiology -- Algorithm of treatment -- Topical vs systemic treatment DFU assessment and wound preparation -- Topical Wound Care Treatment and indications for their use -- Role of dressings -- Selection of dressings, evidence-based evaluation -- Principles for using growth factors -- Review of tested all growth factors so far -- Review of VEGF and PDGF gene therapy clinical trials -- Emphasis on Regranex, the only commercially available growth factor: review of data, indications for using it in clinical practice -- Treatment according to ulcer stages -- Description of different LSE currently in clinical trials or available in clinical practice -- Review of data regarding diabetic foot studies -- Description of other topical, biologically active products -- Surgical Treatment of the Ulcerated Foot -- Lower Extremity Arterial Reconstruction in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Principles of Treatment -- Principles of treatment -- Brief description of surgical methods -- Outcomes of surgery -- Indications for angioplasty -- Brief description of angioplasty methods -- Outcomes of angioplasty -- Recommendations by recent guidelines -- We need numerous figures and pictures -- Reconstruction of the diabetic foot -- Reconstruction of diabetic foot -- Reconstruction of soft tissues of the Charcot foot -- Role of dermatomes -- Charcot Arthropathy in the Diabetic Foot -- Epidemiology -- Pathophysiology, stages of disease -- Microcirculation and development of Charcot -- Radiology -- Treatment -- Amputations and rehabilitation -- Major amputations, indications and description of basic principles -- Principles of rehabilitation -- Prostheses -- Organization and Preventive Care -- Organizationof the Diabetic Foot Care team -- Description of the DF care team -- Role of each specialty -- Flow diagram (gate keeper, communication between teams etc) -- Quality of Care -- Briefly describe current concepts of quality of care -- Quality of care of DF -- Comparative effectiveness -- Education and behavior modification at the at risk patient -- Psychological profile of the patient with DFU -- Impact of DFU on quality of life -- Techniques to modify behavior -- The role of foot wear in the prevention of diabetic foot problems -- Why we need proper footwear -- Review of studies regarding footwear -- General clinical recommendations. |