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Examining Forearm Flexor Strength and UCL Injuries in Baseball Pitchers across the Lifespan : = A Systematic Review.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Examining Forearm Flexor Strength and UCL Injuries in Baseball Pitchers across the Lifespan :/
Reminder of title:	A Systematic Review.
Author:	Hemphill, Brannon.
other author:	Pohlmann, Logan,
Description:	1 online resource (33 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-06B.
Subject:	Physical therapy. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29999980click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798358480056

Examining Forearm Flexor Strength and UCL Injuries in Baseball Pitchers across the Lifespan : = A Systematic Review.
Hemphill, Brannon.

Examining Forearm Flexor Strength and UCL Injuries in Baseball Pitchers across the Lifespan :A Systematic Review. - 1 online resource (33 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06, Section: B.

Thesis (D.P.T.)--Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University, 2023.

Includes bibliographical references

Background: UCL injuries are common and occurring at an increased rate in baseball pitchers today.1 More research is required to determine factors associated with an increased risk of UCL injuries. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to examine forearm flexor strength and UCL injuries in baseball pitchers along the lifespan. Study Design: The study was a systematic literature review. Methods: Databases searched include Medline, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. Cross-referencing studies found in systematic literature reviews were employed to access articles not found during database searches. Any scholarly peer reviewed article based on studies to examine forearm flexor strength and UCL injuries were included. Studies that observed any other ligaments that are not the UCL or a UCL injury that was not related to throwing a baseball were excluded. Articles were evaluated using the PRISMA 2020 checklist and the JBI checklist for risk of bias. Results: Of the 132 studies found in the original search, only 4 articles fit the final criteria. Of the four articles, two were cross sectional studies and the other two were case control studies. The data suggests that forearm flexors play an integral role to decrease tension placed on the UCL during dynamic valgus movement, such as throwing a baseball. Discussion: Without muscle tendon contribution, the stress placed on the UCL during throwing was 330% its reported failure (35 Nm).2 Fatigue and weakness of forearm flexors are also two main contributing factors leading to decreased stability. When fatigue or weakness occurs in these muscles, the elasticity of these muscles becomes altered. When elasticity is increased, stability at the medial elbow decreases, putting increased stress on the UCL.3 Limitations of this SLR include the limited amount of research observing forearm flexor strength and UCL injuries and the specificity of the inclusion criteria. Only English-language articles that observe UCL injuries in baseball pitchers were included. Future research should be conducted to obtain normative data from a larger sample size and begin implementing injury prevention programs with a focus on forearm flexor strength. Conclusion: Strengthening and endurance-based interventions of the flexor pronator mass (FPM) may reduce ulnar humeral joint space (UHJS) gapping during overhead throwing, thus reducing the risk of UCL injury. More research is warranted on this topic due to limited numbers of random controlled trials and thus quality of evidence that can be generalized.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798358480056Subjects--Topical Terms:

588713
Physical therapy.
Subjects--Index Terms:

FatigueIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Examining Forearm Flexor Strength and UCL Injuries in Baseball Pitchers across the Lifespan : = A Systematic Review.
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245 1 0 $a Examining Forearm Flexor Strength and UCL Injuries in Baseball Pitchers across the Lifespan : $b A Systematic Review.
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300 $a 1 online resource (33 pages)
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Thompson, Jeffrey.
502 $a Thesis (D.P.T.)--Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University, 2023.
504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Background: UCL injuries are common and occurring at an increased rate in baseball pitchers today.1 More research is required to determine factors associated with an increased risk of UCL injuries. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to examine forearm flexor strength and UCL injuries in baseball pitchers along the lifespan. Study Design: The study was a systematic literature review. Methods: Databases searched include Medline, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. Cross-referencing studies found in systematic literature reviews were employed to access articles not found during database searches. Any scholarly peer reviewed article based on studies to examine forearm flexor strength and UCL injuries were included. Studies that observed any other ligaments that are not the UCL or a UCL injury that was not related to throwing a baseball were excluded. Articles were evaluated using the PRISMA 2020 checklist and the JBI checklist for risk of bias. Results: Of the 132 studies found in the original search, only 4 articles fit the final criteria. Of the four articles, two were cross sectional studies and the other two were case control studies. The data suggests that forearm flexors play an integral role to decrease tension placed on the UCL during dynamic valgus movement, such as throwing a baseball. Discussion: Without muscle tendon contribution, the stress placed on the UCL during throwing was 330% its reported failure (35 Nm).2 Fatigue and weakness of forearm flexors are also two main contributing factors leading to decreased stability. When fatigue or weakness occurs in these muscles, the elasticity of these muscles becomes altered. When elasticity is increased, stability at the medial elbow decreases, putting increased stress on the UCL.3 Limitations of this SLR include the limited amount of research observing forearm flexor strength and UCL injuries and the specificity of the inclusion criteria. Only English-language articles that observe UCL injuries in baseball pitchers were included. Future research should be conducted to obtain normative data from a larger sample size and begin implementing injury prevention programs with a focus on forearm flexor strength. Conclusion: Strengthening and endurance-based interventions of the flexor pronator mass (FPM) may reduce ulnar humeral joint space (UHJS) gapping during overhead throwing, thus reducing the risk of UCL injury. More research is warranted on this topic due to limited numbers of random controlled trials and thus quality of evidence that can be generalized.
533 $a Electronic reproduction. $b Ann Arbor, Mich. : $c ProQuest, $d 2023
538 $a Mode of access: World Wide Web
650 4 $a Physical therapy. $3 588713
653 $a Fatigue
653 $a Prevention
653 $a Stiffness
655 7 $a Electronic books. $2 lcsh $3 542853
690 $a 0382
700 1 $a Pohlmann, Logan, $e author. $3 3703533
710 2 $a ProQuest Information and Learning Co. $3 783688
710 2 $a Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University. $b School of Health Professions. $3 3687012
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 84-06B.
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29999980 $z click for full text (PQDT)