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Strategies to Mitigate Environmental and Diet-Induced Stress in Beef Cattle.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Strategies to Mitigate Environmental and Diet-Induced Stress in Beef Cattle./
Author:	da Silva, Gleise Medeiros .
Description:	1 online resource (205 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-12B.
Subject:	Animal sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28412057click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798819335017

Strategies to Mitigate Environmental and Diet-Induced Stress in Beef Cattle.
da Silva, Gleise Medeiros .

Strategies to Mitigate Environmental and Diet-Induced Stress in Beef Cattle. - 1 online resource (205 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2021.

Includes bibliographical references

Beef cattle are susceptible to different sources of stress throughout the production cycle. Continued stress is associated with a sequence of events that includes excessive tissue catabolism, reduced feed intake and growth, and weakened immune system. Therefore, minimizing stress may contribute to improving overall animal health and performance. The overarching objective of these studies were to minimize environmental and diet-induced stress by 1) providing artificial shade Exp. 1 and 2; and 2) using polyclonal antibody preparations (PAP; Exp. 3, 4, and 5), respectively to maximize growth performance of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 36 black-hided Angus and Angus crossbred heifers were allocated into 12 bahiagrass pastures (Paspalum notatum Flugge;1.3 ha/pasture) with or without access to artificial shade (27.5 m2 of shade/heifer; SHADE vs. NO SHADE) for 7 wk during summer. Heifers in the SHADE treatment had greater daily lying time (P < 0.01) and greater standing bouts per day (P < 0.01), shorter standing bout duration (P < 0.01) and tended (P = 0.08) to have greater average daily gain (ADG) compared with heifers without access to shade. In Exp. 2, 24 Angus and 24 Brangus (ANGUS vs. BRANGUS) black-hided pregnant cows (approximately 90 d of gestation) and their nursing calves were allocated into 12 bahiagrass pastures (n = 4 pairs/pasture), with or without access to artificial shade (10.3 m2 of shade/cow-calf pair; SHADE vs. NO SHADE) for 56 d during the summer that anticipated weaning. A shade x breed interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for cow ADG, with SHADE BRANGUS having the greatest ADG (P ≤ 0.05). Pre-weaning calf ADG tended to be greater for SHADE vs. NO SHADE (P = 0.10). Providing artificial shade during summer improved body weight gain of replacement heifers, nursing calves, and Brangus cows. Experiment 3, 4, and 5 aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding an avian-derived PAP against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on growth performance of beef cattle during a 56-d backgrounding phase (Exp. 3), ruminal fermentation parameters (Exp. 4) and immunity (Exp. 5) of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. In Exp. 1, Angus crossbreed heifers (n = 70) and steers (n = 20) received a diet with the addition of 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g/day (CON) of PAP for 56 d. Body weight and ADG on d 14 were greater for PAP1 vs. CON (P = 0.04), but no differences in final growth performance were detected among treatments (P = 0.43). In Exp. 4 and 5, eight ruminally cannulated beef steers were transitioned from an ad libitum forage diet plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with CON or PAP3 to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 82% of the diet DM). Steers receiving PAP had greater ruminal pH (P < 0.01) and NH3-N (P = 0.05), but no effects were observed for immune responses. In conclusion, feeding polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides improved growth performance in the first 14 d of the backgrounding phase and positively impacted ruminal pH of beef steers receiving step-up diets.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798819335017Subjects--Topical Terms:

3174829
Animal sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Beef cattleIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Strategies to Mitigate Environmental and Diet-Induced Stress in Beef Cattle.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.
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504 $a Includes bibliographical references
520 $a Beef cattle are susceptible to different sources of stress throughout the production cycle. Continued stress is associated with a sequence of events that includes excessive tissue catabolism, reduced feed intake and growth, and weakened immune system. Therefore, minimizing stress may contribute to improving overall animal health and performance. The overarching objective of these studies were to minimize environmental and diet-induced stress by 1) providing artificial shade Exp. 1 and 2; and 2) using polyclonal antibody preparations (PAP; Exp. 3, 4, and 5), respectively to maximize growth performance of beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 36 black-hided Angus and Angus crossbred heifers were allocated into 12 bahiagrass pastures (Paspalum notatum Flugge;1.3 ha/pasture) with or without access to artificial shade (27.5 m2 of shade/heifer; SHADE vs. NO SHADE) for 7 wk during summer. Heifers in the SHADE treatment had greater daily lying time (P < 0.01) and greater standing bouts per day (P < 0.01), shorter standing bout duration (P < 0.01) and tended (P = 0.08) to have greater average daily gain (ADG) compared with heifers without access to shade. In Exp. 2, 24 Angus and 24 Brangus (ANGUS vs. BRANGUS) black-hided pregnant cows (approximately 90 d of gestation) and their nursing calves were allocated into 12 bahiagrass pastures (n = 4 pairs/pasture), with or without access to artificial shade (10.3 m2 of shade/cow-calf pair; SHADE vs. NO SHADE) for 56 d during the summer that anticipated weaning. A shade x breed interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for cow ADG, with SHADE BRANGUS having the greatest ADG (P ≤ 0.05). Pre-weaning calf ADG tended to be greater for SHADE vs. NO SHADE (P = 0.10). Providing artificial shade during summer improved body weight gain of replacement heifers, nursing calves, and Brangus cows. Experiment 3, 4, and 5 aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding an avian-derived PAP against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides (40, 35, and 25% of the preparation, respectively) on growth performance of beef cattle during a 56-d backgrounding phase (Exp. 3), ruminal fermentation parameters (Exp. 4) and immunity (Exp. 5) of beef steers during a 21-d step-up adaptation to a high-grain diet. In Exp. 1, Angus crossbreed heifers (n = 70) and steers (n = 20) received a diet with the addition of 1 (PAP1), 3 (PAP3), or 0 g/day (CON) of PAP for 56 d. Body weight and ADG on d 14 were greater for PAP1 vs. CON (P = 0.04), but no differences in final growth performance were detected among treatments (P = 0.43). In Exp. 4 and 5, eight ruminally cannulated beef steers were transitioned from an ad libitum forage diet plus 0.45 kg/d of molasses with CON or PAP3 to a high-grain diet. Transition consisted of three 7-d steps of increased inclusion of cracked corn (35, 60, and 82% of the diet DM). Steers receiving PAP had greater ruminal pH (P < 0.01) and NH3-N (P = 0.05), but no effects were observed for immune responses. In conclusion, feeding polyclonal antibody preparations against Streptococcus bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and lipopolysaccharides improved growth performance in the first 14 d of the backgrounding phase and positively impacted ruminal pH of beef steers receiving step-up diets.
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653 $a Immunity
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