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The Habitability of Hyperarid Environments : = The Physico-Chemical Dynamics of Water in Extremely Water-Limited Systems.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Habitability of Hyperarid Environments :/
Reminder of title:	The Physico-Chemical Dynamics of Water in Extremely Water-Limited Systems.
Author:	Glaser, Donald M.
Description:	1 online resource (329 pages)
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-06B.
Subject:	Geochemistry. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29996724click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798363512551

The Habitability of Hyperarid Environments : = The Physico-Chemical Dynamics of Water in Extremely Water-Limited Systems.
Glaser, Donald M.

The Habitability of Hyperarid Environments :The Physico-Chemical Dynamics of Water in Extremely Water-Limited Systems. - 1 online resource (329 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Arizona State University, 2022.

Includes bibliographical references

I present results of field and laboratory experiments investigating the habitability of one of Earth's driest environments: the Atacama Desert. This Desert, along the west coast of South America spanning Peru and Chile, is one of the driest places on Earth and has been exceedingly arid for millions of years. These conditions create the perfect natural laboratory for assessing life at the extremes of habitability. All known life needs water; however, the extraordinarily dry Atacama Desert is inhabited by well-adapted microorganisms capable of colonizing this hostile environment. I show field and laboratory evidence of an environmental process, water vapor adsorption, that provides a daily, sustainable input of water into the near (3 - 5 cm) subsurface through water vapor-soil particle interactions. I estimate that this water input may rival the yearly average input of rain in these soils (~2 mm). I also demonstrate, for the first time, that water vapor adsorption is dependent on mineral composition via a series of laboratory water vapor adsorption experiments. The results of these experiments provide evidence that mineral composition, and ultimately soil composition, measurably and significantly affect the equilibrium soil water content. This suggests that soil microbial communities may be extremely heterogeneous in distribution depending on the distribution of adsorbent minerals. Finally, I present changes in biologically relevant gasses (i.e., H2, CH4, CO, and CO2) over long-duration incubation experiments designed to assess the potential for biological activity in soils collected from a hyperarid region in the Atacama Desert. These long-duration experiments mimicked typical water availability conditions in the Atacama Desert; in other words, the incubations were performed without condensed water addition. The results suggest a potential for methane-production in the live experiments relative to the sterile controls, and thus, for biological activity in hyperarid soils. However, due to the extremely low biomass and extremely low rates of activity in these soils, the methods employed here were unable to provide robust evidence for activity. Overall, the hyperarid regions of the Atacama Desert are an important resource for researchers by providing a window into the environmental dynamics and subsequent microbial responses near the limit of habitability.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798363512551Subjects--Topical Terms:

539092
Geochemistry.
Subjects--Index Terms:

HabitabilityIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

The Habitability of Hyperarid Environments : = The Physico-Chemical Dynamics of Water in Extremely Water-Limited Systems.
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520 $a I present results of field and laboratory experiments investigating the habitability of one of Earth's driest environments: the Atacama Desert. This Desert, along the west coast of South America spanning Peru and Chile, is one of the driest places on Earth and has been exceedingly arid for millions of years. These conditions create the perfect natural laboratory for assessing life at the extremes of habitability. All known life needs water; however, the extraordinarily dry Atacama Desert is inhabited by well-adapted microorganisms capable of colonizing this hostile environment. I show field and laboratory evidence of an environmental process, water vapor adsorption, that provides a daily, sustainable input of water into the near (3 - 5 cm) subsurface through water vapor-soil particle interactions. I estimate that this water input may rival the yearly average input of rain in these soils (~2 mm). I also demonstrate, for the first time, that water vapor adsorption is dependent on mineral composition via a series of laboratory water vapor adsorption experiments. The results of these experiments provide evidence that mineral composition, and ultimately soil composition, measurably and significantly affect the equilibrium soil water content. This suggests that soil microbial communities may be extremely heterogeneous in distribution depending on the distribution of adsorbent minerals. Finally, I present changes in biologically relevant gasses (i.e., H2, CH4, CO, and CO2) over long-duration incubation experiments designed to assess the potential for biological activity in soils collected from a hyperarid region in the Atacama Desert. These long-duration experiments mimicked typical water availability conditions in the Atacama Desert; in other words, the incubations were performed without condensed water addition. The results suggest a potential for methane-production in the live experiments relative to the sterile controls, and thus, for biological activity in hyperarid soils. However, due to the extremely low biomass and extremely low rates of activity in these soils, the methods employed here were unable to provide robust evidence for activity. Overall, the hyperarid regions of the Atacama Desert are an important resource for researchers by providing a window into the environmental dynamics and subsequent microbial responses near the limit of habitability.
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