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Building Theories of Neural Circuits with Machine Learning.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Building Theories of Neural Circuits with Machine Learning./
作者:	Bittner, Sean Robert.
面頁冊數:	1 online resource (167 pages)
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-02B.
標題:	Neurosciences. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28650141click for full text (PQDT)
ISBN:	9798535510484

Building Theories of Neural Circuits with Machine Learning.
Bittner, Sean Robert.

Building Theories of Neural Circuits with Machine Learning. - 1 online resource (167 pages)

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-02, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2021.

Includes bibliographical references

As theoretical neuroscience has grown as a field, machine learning techniques have played an increasingly important role in the development and evaluation of theories of neural computation. Today, machine learning is used in a variety of neuroscientific contexts from statistical inference to neural network training to normative modeling. This dissertation introduces machine learning techniques for use across the various domains of theoretical neuroscience, and the application of these techniques to build theories of neural circuits.First, we introduce a variety of optimization techniques for normative modeling of neural activity, which were used to evaluate theories of primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA). Specifically, neural responses during a cycling task performed by monkeys displayed distinctive dynamical geometries, which motivated hypotheses of how these geometries conferred computational properties necessary for the robust production of cyclic movements. By using normative optimization techniques to predict neural responses encoding muscle activity while ascribing to an "untangled" geometry, we found that minimal tangling was an accurate model of M1. Analyses with trajectory constrained RNNs showed that such an organization of M1 neural activity confers noise robustness, and that minimally "divergent" trajectories in SMA enable the tracking of contextual factors.In the remainder of the dissertation, we focus on the introduction and application of deep generative modeling techniques for theoretical neuroscience. Specifically, both techniques employ recent advancements in approaches to deep generative modeling -- normalizing flows -- to capture complex parametric structure in neural models. The first technique, which is designed for statistical generative models, enables look-up inference in intractable exponential family models. The efficiency of this technique is demonstrated by inferring neural firing rates in a log-gaussian poisson model of spiking responses to drift gratings in primary visual cortex. The second technique is designed for statistical inference in mechanistic models, where the inferred parameter distribution is constrained to produce emergent properties of computation. Once fit, the deep generative model confers analytic tools for quantifying the parametric structure giving rise to emergent properties. This technique was used for novel scientific insight into the nature of neuron-type variability in primary visual cortex and of distinct connectivity regimes of rapid task switching in superior colliculus.

Electronic reproduction.
Ann Arbor, Mich. :
ProQuest,
2023

Mode of access: World Wide Web

ISBN: 9798535510484Subjects--Topical Terms:

588700
Neurosciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Machine learningIndex Terms--Genre/Form:

542853
Electronic books.

Building Theories of Neural Circuits with Machine Learning.
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