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Brain Metabolite and Structural Correlates of Mobility in Aging.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Brain Metabolite and Structural Correlates of Mobility in Aging./
作者:	Hupfeld, Kathleen Elizabeth.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	249 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-11B.
標題:	Neurosciences. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28860341
ISBN:	9798802718292

Brain Metabolite and Structural Correlates of Mobility in Aging.
Hupfeld, Kathleen Elizabeth.

Brain Metabolite and Structural Correlates of Mobility in Aging. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 249 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Mobility impairments decrease quality of life and predict increased risk of falls and dementia in older adults. The contribution of age-related brain changes to mobility function is not well understood. This dissertation leverages multimodal neuroimaging and brain stimulation techniques to quantify age differences in brain structure and function, and how such differences relate to mobility. 37 young (18-34 years) and 26 older (65-86 years) adults completed: 1) walking and balance assessments; 2) magnetic resonance spectroscopy and T1- and diffusion-weighted structural neuroimaging; and 3) transcranial magnetic stimulation to index cortical excitatory and inhibitory function during muscle activity. The data are organized into four studies. Each describes how certain neural markers differ in older age and relate to mobility. Study 1 examined cortical excitability and inhibition. Though I found no age differences in glutamate+glutamine or gamma-aminobutyric acid availability, I did find larger motor-evoked potentials and shorter cortical silent periods for older adults. This suggests that aging alters cortical excitatory and inhibitory modulation of muscle activity. In study 2, I observed higher brain antioxidant (glutathione) levels in older adults, particularly in the sensorimotor cortex. This may reflect a compensatory neural response to increasing oxidative stress with aging. For the older adults, higher sensorimotor glutathione was strongly correlated with poorer gait and balance, suggesting that higher brain oxidative stress levels contribute to mobility decrements in aging. Studies 3 and 4 examined how markers of brain structure differed in older age and related to mobility. I found poorer structure across the brain in older adults, with the greatest age differences in sensorimotor regions. Brain structure was differentially associated with mobility for the two age groups. Results suggested neural compensation (e.g., in temporal lobe regions), potentially due to structural declines in canonical sensorimotor regions. Together, my results characterize neurochemical and structural brain differences in older age and indicate several neural markers of mobility function. My findings of reduced excitatory and inhibitory function, regionally elevated oxidative stress, and poorer brain structure suggest that aging processes particularly target the sensorimotor cortices. These findings have implications for developing novel, targeted interventions to preserve mobility and prevent disability in aging.

ISBN: 9798802718292Subjects--Topical Terms:

588700
Neurosciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Cortical silent period

Brain Metabolite and Structural Correlates of Mobility in Aging.
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