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Eugenics in imperial Japan: Some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Eugenics in imperial Japan: Some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945./
Author:	Sitcawich, Sumiko Otsubo.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 1998,
Description:	400 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 60-05, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International60-05A.
Subject:	History. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=9900914
ISBN:	9780591978209

Eugenics in imperial Japan: Some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945.
Sitcawich, Sumiko Otsubo.

Eugenics in imperial Japan: Some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 1998 - 400 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 60-05, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 1998.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This study analyzes the Japanese interest in eugenics between 1883 and 1945. Examining private and public writings of eugenics enthusiasts and government documents, this project focuses on the issues of race and gender. My biographical and institutional approach intends to contextualize individual thought. Chapter 2 describes educator Naruse Jinza's initiative. He founded a women's college in 1901 by convincing the public that women needed to be trained to produce "fit" children. Chapter 3 deals with a botanist, Yamanouchi Shigeo, who actively introduced eugenics theories in the 1910s. Chapter 4 is concerned with feminist Hiratsuka Raicho, who led a movement to establish a eugenics law beginning in 1919. Chapter 5 focuses on medical journalist Goto Ryukichi, who began publishing Japan's first eugenics journal, Yuseigaku (Eugenics). And finally, Chapter 6 examines leading eugenicist Nagai Hisomu, and his part in organizing an all-women eugenics society in 1935. This chapter also shows the growing interest of the state in eugenics in the 1930s and early 1940s. This study can be seen to have a three-fold significance. First, I point out that Japan's first substantial eugenics legislative effort was initiated by women, who were still denied political rights in 1919. This challenges the general interpretation which traces the origin of the 1940 National Eugenics Law to the 1933 Nazi sterilization law. Like Japan's official gender ideology, eugenic ideology emphasized women's role as mother and their place at home. However, underlining women's biological "fitness," eugenics helped discredit the existing gender hierarchy. Second, I analyze eugenic initiatives from the prewar perspective based on the paradigm theory proposed by Yonemoto Shohei. My case studies indicate that marginal groups of people--"racially" marginal Japanese and socially marginal women--tried to improve their status by adopting certain eugenics ideas. This contradicts the influential Marxist perception of eugenics, that of tool of the privileged to control and oppress the physically, mentally, and socially marginal. Lastly, I hypothesize that Yamanouchi's "softer" (quasi-Lamarckian) perspective may be a reflection of a Japanese desire for scientific assurance to reject the notion of a permanently inferior status, a response that may have been shared by other non-Western peoples.

ISBN: 9780591978209Subjects--Topical Terms:

516518
History.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Eugenics

Eugenics in imperial Japan: Some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945.
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245 1 0 $a Eugenics in imperial Japan: Some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 1998
300 $a 400 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 60-05, Section: A.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
500 $a Advisor: Bartholomew, James.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 1998.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a This study analyzes the Japanese interest in eugenics between 1883 and 1945. Examining private and public writings of eugenics enthusiasts and government documents, this project focuses on the issues of race and gender. My biographical and institutional approach intends to contextualize individual thought. Chapter 2 describes educator Naruse Jinza's initiative. He founded a women's college in 1901 by convincing the public that women needed to be trained to produce "fit" children. Chapter 3 deals with a botanist, Yamanouchi Shigeo, who actively introduced eugenics theories in the 1910s. Chapter 4 is concerned with feminist Hiratsuka Raicho, who led a movement to establish a eugenics law beginning in 1919. Chapter 5 focuses on medical journalist Goto Ryukichi, who began publishing Japan's first eugenics journal, Yuseigaku (Eugenics). And finally, Chapter 6 examines leading eugenicist Nagai Hisomu, and his part in organizing an all-women eugenics society in 1935. This chapter also shows the growing interest of the state in eugenics in the 1930s and early 1940s. This study can be seen to have a three-fold significance. First, I point out that Japan's first substantial eugenics legislative effort was initiated by women, who were still denied political rights in 1919. This challenges the general interpretation which traces the origin of the 1940 National Eugenics Law to the 1933 Nazi sterilization law. Like Japan's official gender ideology, eugenic ideology emphasized women's role as mother and their place at home. However, underlining women's biological "fitness," eugenics helped discredit the existing gender hierarchy. Second, I analyze eugenic initiatives from the prewar perspective based on the paradigm theory proposed by Yonemoto Shohei. My case studies indicate that marginal groups of people--"racially" marginal Japanese and socially marginal women--tried to improve their status by adopting certain eugenics ideas. This contradicts the influential Marxist perception of eugenics, that of tool of the privileged to control and oppress the physically, mentally, and socially marginal. Lastly, I hypothesize that Yamanouchi's "softer" (quasi-Lamarckian) perspective may be a reflection of a Japanese desire for scientific assurance to reject the notion of a permanently inferior status, a response that may have been shared by other non-Western peoples.
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