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Obesity, Physical Activity, Cognition and Brain Function in Preadolescent Children.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Obesity, Physical Activity, Cognition and Brain Function in Preadolescent Children./
Author:	Logan, Nicole Elizabeth.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	152 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International84-01B.
Subject:	Cognitive psychology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29208430
ISBN:	9798834000273

Obesity, Physical Activity, Cognition and Brain Function in Preadolescent Children.
Logan, Nicole Elizabeth.

Obesity, Physical Activity, Cognition and Brain Function in Preadolescent Children. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 152 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northeastern University, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Childhood obesity is an epidemic, affecting over 340 million youth worldwide. When left untreated, obesity increases the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and mental health disorders. However, participation in physical activity can prevent obesity, and consequently, promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, physical health, cognitive and brain health, and mental wellbeing. Despite the accumulation of research and widespread public health campaigns on the effects of physical activity on mental well-being, cognition and brain health, children have become increasingly inactive. As such, understanding the intersection among physical activity and obesity-related outcomes on mental wellbeing and cognitive and brain function is crucial. The central aim of this dissertation was to utilize a variety of neuroimaging methods, such as the P3 event-related potential and resting state functional connectivity with fMRI, to explore the relationship between physical activity and cognitive and brain function, while accounting for individual differences such as cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and amount of adipose tissue in preadolescent children. This dissertation utilizes three different methodological approaches in attempt to decompose this relationship. In Study 1, 206 children were randomly assigned to a physical activity intervention or a wait-list control group for 9-months. Results of Study 1 demonstrated that physical activity may be selectively beneficial for children with obesity, such that it helps prevent the decline of obesity-associated brain function during preadolescent development. Study 2 examined a sample of 58 children in a randomized crossover study, whereby participants completed two different interventions; seated rest or treadmill walking, counterbalanced across participants. Results of Study 2 suggest that in association with exercise interventions, pre-existing positive health factors such as increased fitness are associated with beneficial mental, cognitive and brain health outcomes; meanwhile, negative health factors, such as obesity, are associated with poorer mental, cognitive and brain health outcomes. Study 3 investigated the relationship among excess adiposity and fat-free cardiorespiratory fitness on resting-state functional connectivity in 121 children, using a data-driven whole-brain multi-voxel pattern analysis. Results from Study 3 showed post hoc seed-to-voxel analyses found robust negative correlations of obesity with areas involved in the visual, somatosensory, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal and default mode networks. Further, positive correlations of fat-free cardiorespiratory fitness were observed with areas involved in the ventral attention and frontoparietal networks. Taken together, as rates of childhood obesity, poor mental wellbeing, and physical inactivity continue to increase worldwide, the results of this dissertation have widespread implications for the mental, cognitive and brain health of children. By addressing the obesity epidemic with cost-effective behavioral treatments such as improving physical activity, we should see improvements in the rate of psychopathology development in youth, and consequently, improvements in cognitive and brain function.

ISBN: 9798834000273Subjects--Topical Terms:

523881
Cognitive psychology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Brain function

Obesity, Physical Activity, Cognition and Brain Function in Preadolescent Children.
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300 $a 152 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 84-01, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Hillman, Charles;Kramer, Arthur.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Northeastern University, 2022.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Childhood obesity is an epidemic, affecting over 340 million youth worldwide. When left untreated, obesity increases the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline, and mental health disorders. However, participation in physical activity can prevent obesity, and consequently, promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, physical health, cognitive and brain health, and mental wellbeing. Despite the accumulation of research and widespread public health campaigns on the effects of physical activity on mental well-being, cognition and brain health, children have become increasingly inactive. As such, understanding the intersection among physical activity and obesity-related outcomes on mental wellbeing and cognitive and brain function is crucial. The central aim of this dissertation was to utilize a variety of neuroimaging methods, such as the P3 event-related potential and resting state functional connectivity with fMRI, to explore the relationship between physical activity and cognitive and brain function, while accounting for individual differences such as cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and amount of adipose tissue in preadolescent children. This dissertation utilizes three different methodological approaches in attempt to decompose this relationship. In Study 1, 206 children were randomly assigned to a physical activity intervention or a wait-list control group for 9-months. Results of Study 1 demonstrated that physical activity may be selectively beneficial for children with obesity, such that it helps prevent the decline of obesity-associated brain function during preadolescent development. Study 2 examined a sample of 58 children in a randomized crossover study, whereby participants completed two different interventions; seated rest or treadmill walking, counterbalanced across participants. Results of Study 2 suggest that in association with exercise interventions, pre-existing positive health factors such as increased fitness are associated with beneficial mental, cognitive and brain health outcomes; meanwhile, negative health factors, such as obesity, are associated with poorer mental, cognitive and brain health outcomes. Study 3 investigated the relationship among excess adiposity and fat-free cardiorespiratory fitness on resting-state functional connectivity in 121 children, using a data-driven whole-brain multi-voxel pattern analysis. Results from Study 3 showed post hoc seed-to-voxel analyses found robust negative correlations of obesity with areas involved in the visual, somatosensory, dorsal attention, ventral attention, limbic, frontoparietal and default mode networks. Further, positive correlations of fat-free cardiorespiratory fitness were observed with areas involved in the ventral attention and frontoparietal networks. Taken together, as rates of childhood obesity, poor mental wellbeing, and physical inactivity continue to increase worldwide, the results of this dissertation have widespread implications for the mental, cognitive and brain health of children. By addressing the obesity epidemic with cost-effective behavioral treatments such as improving physical activity, we should see improvements in the rate of psychopathology development in youth, and consequently, improvements in cognitive and brain function.
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