東華大學圖書館 |

Biofuel Governance in Brazil and the EU.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Biofuel Governance in Brazil and the EU./
作者:	Stattman, Sarah L.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	167 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-11, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-11B.
標題:	Biofuels. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28229797
ISBN:	9798597031446

Biofuel Governance in Brazil and the EU.
Stattman, Sarah L.

Biofuel Governance in Brazil and the EU. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 167 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-11, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wageningen University and Research, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This thesis examines the global governance of sustainable biofuels, with a specific focus on Brazil and the European Union (EU) as major players in the production, trade and use of first-generation liquid biofuels. Biofuels are solid, liquid or gas fuels derived from biomass sources such as starch, sugars, fat, wood, or waste. So-called first generation liquid biofuels are those derived either from sugar or starch from food crops such as sugarcane or corn, which are converted to bioethanol; or from vegetable oils (soy, rapeseed, palm) or animal fats, which are converted to biodiesel. This thesis focuses on first-generation liquid biofuels because they are produced on a large scale for transport fuel and are under intense scrutiny with regard to sustainability and potential competition with food security. The EU, one of the largest markets for biofuels, is leading in the attempt to promote global trade in 'sustainable' biofuels. Brazil, as a leading producer and strong proponent of a global biofuels market and a key exporter to the EU, has to engage with the EU sustainability imperatives that now dominate global biofuel trade and governance debates. While Brazil is often believed to be able to dictate biofuel developments within its borders, its authority to continue to do so, given a rapidly evolving global biofuel trade and governance context, is becoming less evident and needs to be examined. Biofuels have been on the national governance agenda of some countries since the 1970s, but emerged on the global governance agenda in the late 1990s, in response to the twin challenges of the search for energy security and addressing climate change. Biofuel policies are being implemented by countries across the globe with the ambition to (partly) replace fossil fuels for transport with renewable alternatives. A vast conglomerate of state and non-state initiatives are involved in the multilevel governance of biofuels over the past few years. Governing biofuels is thus a complex multifaceted (global) governance challenge, with multiple sectors, multiple actors, and multiples sites of governance now emerging and interacting, and divergent notions of sustainability deployed herein. In this context, it is important to understand how governance of biofuels has been approached, and how existing approaches to sustainability have fared, and whose notion of sustainability is shaping global biofuel trade and markets. This thesis thus analyses evolving biofuel governance arrangements in Brazil and the EU and the interactions between them, including diverse notions of sustainability contained herein. A central concern is whether, and to what extent, the EU has succeeded in exporting its own notions of sustainability beyond its borders, in seeking to create a global market for sustainable biofuels. Through detailed analysis in four empirical chapters (all published), the thesis answers two cross-cutting research questions:• How have biofuels been governed in the EU and Brazil over time, and what (conflicting or converging) notions of sustainability are embodied in these evolving governance arrangements?• How has the EU sought to export its notions of sustainability beyond its borders, with particular focus on Brazil, and (how) has it succeeded in doing so? Chapter 2 traces the historical evolution of bioethanol and biodiesel policies and governance arrangements in Brazil, including the role of key actors. In doing so, it explains how biofuels in Brazil have been governed over time, including evolving understandings of sustainability therein. The chapter finds that ethanol-focused governance arrangements focused primarily on energy security rather than sustainability concerns. In contrast, biodiesel governance initially was also concerned with (social) sustainability, particularly questions of rural development and social inclusion of small farmers in biodiesel production. Over time, however, the analysis shows that both types of biofuels are being governed to further agricultural and energy goals, rather than social sustainability objectives. This is illustrated by the growing focus on increasing blending targets for biodiesel, rather than on realizing social inclusion and rural development goals. These policy objectives (and their implementation) are also driven primarily by domestic imperatives, rather than export considerations. Chapter 3 builds on the historical tracing of biofuel governance arrangements in Brazil to analyse the social inclusion component of Brazilian biodiesel policies. The chapter focuses on the 2004 biodiesel policy and its two main objectives: to advance biodiesel as a transportation fuel and to foster social inclusion of family farmers through participation in the biodiesel chain. The chapter analyzes the extent to which cooperatives are involved in integrating family farmers into the biodiesel chain and what this means for the social sustainability of biodiesel, taking the northeast state of Bahia as a case study area. The findings show that through the biodiesel policy, cooperatives-until then a marginal phenomenon in northern Brazil-increased their membership, were. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).

ISBN: 9798597031446Subjects--Topical Terms:

3562565
Biofuels.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Biofuel governance

Biofuel Governance in Brazil and the EU.
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Brazil, as a leading producer and strong proponent of a global biofuels market and a key exporter to the EU, has to engage with the EU sustainability imperatives that now dominate global biofuel trade and governance debates. While Brazil is often believed to be able to dictate biofuel developments within its borders, its authority to continue to do so, given a rapidly evolving global biofuel trade and governance context, is becoming less evident and needs to be examined. Biofuels have been on the national governance agenda of some countries since the 1970s, but emerged on the global governance agenda in the late 1990s, in response to the twin challenges of the search for energy security and addressing climate change. Biofuel policies are being implemented by countries across the globe with the ambition to (partly) replace fossil fuels for transport with renewable alternatives. A vast conglomerate of state and non-state initiatives are involved in the multilevel governance of biofuels over the past few years. Governing biofuels is thus a complex multifaceted (global) governance challenge, with multiple sectors, multiple actors, and multiples sites of governance now emerging and interacting, and divergent notions of sustainability deployed herein. In this context, it is important to understand how governance of biofuels has been approached, and how existing approaches to sustainability have fared, and whose notion of sustainability is shaping global biofuel trade and markets. This thesis thus analyses evolving biofuel governance arrangements in Brazil and the EU and the interactions between them, including diverse notions of sustainability contained herein. A central concern is whether, and to what extent, the EU has succeeded in exporting its own notions of sustainability beyond its borders, in seeking to create a global market for sustainable biofuels. Through detailed analysis in four empirical chapters (all published), the thesis answers two cross-cutting research questions:• How have biofuels been governed in the EU and Brazil over time, and what (conflicting or converging) notions of sustainability are embodied in these evolving governance arrangements?• How has the EU sought to export its notions of sustainability beyond its borders, with particular focus on Brazil, and (how) has it succeeded in doing so? Chapter 2 traces the historical evolution of bioethanol and biodiesel policies and governance arrangements in Brazil, including the role of key actors. In doing so, it explains how biofuels in Brazil have been governed over time, including evolving understandings of sustainability therein. The chapter finds that ethanol-focused governance arrangements focused primarily on energy security rather than sustainability concerns. In contrast, biodiesel governance initially was also concerned with (social) sustainability, particularly questions of rural development and social inclusion of small farmers in biodiesel production. Over time, however, the analysis shows that both types of biofuels are being governed to further agricultural and energy goals, rather than social sustainability objectives. This is illustrated by the growing focus on increasing blending targets for biodiesel, rather than on realizing social inclusion and rural development goals. These policy objectives (and their implementation) are also driven primarily by domestic imperatives, rather than export considerations. Chapter 3 builds on the historical tracing of biofuel governance arrangements in Brazil to analyse the social inclusion component of Brazilian biodiesel policies. The chapter focuses on the 2004 biodiesel policy and its two main objectives: to advance biodiesel as a transportation fuel and to foster social inclusion of family farmers through participation in the biodiesel chain. The chapter analyzes the extent to which cooperatives are involved in integrating family farmers into the biodiesel chain and what this means for the social sustainability of biodiesel, taking the northeast state of Bahia as a case study area. The findings show that through the biodiesel policy, cooperatives-until then a marginal phenomenon in northern Brazil-increased their membership, were. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest).
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