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On the Genesis and Measurement of Complex Organics and Isotopic Ratios in Hypervelocity Impact Ice Spectra.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	On the Genesis and Measurement of Complex Organics and Isotopic Ratios in Hypervelocity Impact Ice Spectra./
Author:	Ulibarri, Zach.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2022,
Description:	202 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-12B.
Subject:	Plasma physics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=29068630
ISBN:	9798802734575

On the Genesis and Measurement of Complex Organics and Isotopic Ratios in Hypervelocity Impact Ice Spectra.
Ulibarri, Zach.

On the Genesis and Measurement of Complex Organics and Isotopic Ratios in Hypervelocity Impact Ice Spectra. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2022 - 202 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2022.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Impact ionization time of flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MS) are a class of spaceflight instrument designed to study the composition of interplanetary dust grains by impacting them at speeds of several km/s. The kinetic energy of the impact ionizes molecules from the dust grain, allowing them to be studied using TOF-MS. Such instruments have been used in the past to study a number of different planetary objects, most notably when the Cassini Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) measured the chemistry of icy dust grains from the subsurface ocean of Enceladus. While some laboratory work has been performed to match CDA spectra, previous studies have not used actual hypervelocity dust impacts into ice. Here we describe a series of experiments based on a cryogenic target system at the University of Colorado dust accelerator at the Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres, and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT), which enables impact experiments into ice under highly realistic conditions.Using a novel airbrush ice system, surfaces of histidine both with and without a water ice cover were bombarded by hypervelocity dust grains. TOF chemical analysis of the impact plume suggests that the amino acid fragmentation rate is largely constant below 6 km/s, but begins to rise significantly beyond 7 km/s. It also suggests that the presence of water ice mitigates impact stress and reduces the fragmentation rates. Further, the spectra show that fragmentation products are fundamentally related to those found in electron ionization mass spectra of histidine. This indicates that even in the event of breakup during detection, it may be possible to use the breakup products as a means to identify the parent molecule with impact ionization TOF instruments, thus enabling this type of instrument to detect and characterize complex organics.Similar experiments were performed with ice created with a known D-H ratio. Co-added TOF spectra from the impact plume indicates that the D-H ratio can be accurately recovered with this method. This means that impact ionization mass spectrometers on a variety of future spacecraft may be able to measure the D-H ratio of icy ocean worlds, comets, and other airless icy bodies.

ISBN: 9798802734575Subjects--Topical Terms:

3175417
Plasma physics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Biosignatures

On the Genesis and Measurement of Complex Organics and Isotopic Ratios in Hypervelocity Impact Ice Spectra.
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245 1 0 $a On the Genesis and Measurement of Complex Organics and Isotopic Ratios in Hypervelocity Impact Ice Spectra.
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300 $a 202 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-12, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Munsat, Tobin.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2022.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Impact ionization time of flight mass spectrometers (TOF-MS) are a class of spaceflight instrument designed to study the composition of interplanetary dust grains by impacting them at speeds of several km/s. The kinetic energy of the impact ionizes molecules from the dust grain, allowing them to be studied using TOF-MS. Such instruments have been used in the past to study a number of different planetary objects, most notably when the Cassini Cosmic Dust Analyzer (CDA) measured the chemistry of icy dust grains from the subsurface ocean of Enceladus. While some laboratory work has been performed to match CDA spectra, previous studies have not used actual hypervelocity dust impacts into ice. Here we describe a series of experiments based on a cryogenic target system at the University of Colorado dust accelerator at the Institute for Modeling Plasma, Atmospheres, and Cosmic Dust (IMPACT), which enables impact experiments into ice under highly realistic conditions.Using a novel airbrush ice system, surfaces of histidine both with and without a water ice cover were bombarded by hypervelocity dust grains. TOF chemical analysis of the impact plume suggests that the amino acid fragmentation rate is largely constant below 6 km/s, but begins to rise significantly beyond 7 km/s. It also suggests that the presence of water ice mitigates impact stress and reduces the fragmentation rates. Further, the spectra show that fragmentation products are fundamentally related to those found in electron ionization mass spectra of histidine. This indicates that even in the event of breakup during detection, it may be possible to use the breakup products as a means to identify the parent molecule with impact ionization TOF instruments, thus enabling this type of instrument to detect and characterize complex organics.Similar experiments were performed with ice created with a known D-H ratio. Co-added TOF spectra from the impact plume indicates that the D-H ratio can be accurately recovered with this method. This means that impact ionization mass spectrometers on a variety of future spacecraft may be able to measure the D-H ratio of icy ocean worlds, comets, and other airless icy bodies.
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653 $a Hypervelocity
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653 $a Impact ionization
653 $a Time of flight
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