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Bacterial Physiology of the Gut Microbiota and Its Response to Enteric Infection.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Bacterial Physiology of the Gut Microbiota and Its Response to Enteric Infection./
Author:	Jogia, William.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	129 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International82-10.
Subject:	Infections. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28383849
ISBN:	9798708717276

Bacterial Physiology of the Gut Microbiota and Its Response to Enteric Infection.
Jogia, William.

Bacterial Physiology of the Gut Microbiota and Its Response to Enteric Infection. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 129 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--McGill University (Canada), 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The gut microbiota provides important functions integral to host health. Metabolism of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates leads to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are anti-inflammatory and provide energy to intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial activity is therefore important for gut homeostasis. Here, we study bacterial activity by using bacterial physiology, specifically relative nucleic acid content, as a proxy. Data from other bacterial systems have suggested that high nucleic acid-containing bacteria (HNA) are more metabolically active than low nucleic acid-containing bacteria (LNA) within a given ecosystem. Thus, we hypothesized that relative nucleic acid content is connected to bacterial activity in the gut microbiota, and that bacterial physiology can be disrupted by enteric infection.We confirm that HNA cells have higher cell-specific ATP levels both in monoculture of 10 bacterial isolates of the human gut (2.50x higher than LNA) and in the murine microbiome (1.54x). Furthermore, within the mouse gut, the HNA cells contribute the majority of intracellular ATP to the system (82.03%). We build on this characterization, showing that HNA and LNA cells are dynamic populations in monoculture, but that they do not differ in their replication rates, and thus represent other aspects of bacterial activity.We contribute to a hypothesis that HNA cells are more sensitive to perturbation, as proportions of HNA cells are significantly and positively correlated with membrane damaged cells (Pi+) in bacterial isolates, and HNA cells within the murine gut are decreased in proportion and absolute abundance during infection with Citrobacter rodentium. We connect significant decreases in the HNA cells to decreased trends in the Clostridiales order, which dominate the HNA fraction and contain butyrate-producing bacterial families. Finally, we see decreased concentrations (2.92x) of fecal butyrate during enteric infection, associating the decreases in HNA bacteria with host-benefiting metabolite production. Our results show a significant role for bacterial activity during perturbation, and our methods expand the information that can be extracted with bacterial flow cytometry.

ISBN: 9798708717276Subjects--Topical Terms:

1621997
Infections.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Bacterial physiology

Bacterial Physiology of the Gut Microbiota and Its Response to Enteric Infection.
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100 1 $a Jogia, William. $3 3686268
245 1 0 $a Bacterial Physiology of the Gut Microbiota and Its Response to Enteric Infection.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2020
300 $a 129 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 82-10.
500 $a Advisor: Maurice, Corinne.
502 $a Thesis (M.Sc.)--McGill University (Canada), 2020.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a The gut microbiota provides important functions integral to host health. Metabolism of microbiota-accessible carbohydrates leads to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are anti-inflammatory and provide energy to intestinal epithelial cells. Bacterial activity is therefore important for gut homeostasis. Here, we study bacterial activity by using bacterial physiology, specifically relative nucleic acid content, as a proxy. Data from other bacterial systems have suggested that high nucleic acid-containing bacteria (HNA) are more metabolically active than low nucleic acid-containing bacteria (LNA) within a given ecosystem. Thus, we hypothesized that relative nucleic acid content is connected to bacterial activity in the gut microbiota, and that bacterial physiology can be disrupted by enteric infection.We confirm that HNA cells have higher cell-specific ATP levels both in monoculture of 10 bacterial isolates of the human gut (2.50x higher than LNA) and in the murine microbiome (1.54x). Furthermore, within the mouse gut, the HNA cells contribute the majority of intracellular ATP to the system (82.03%). We build on this characterization, showing that HNA and LNA cells are dynamic populations in monoculture, but that they do not differ in their replication rates, and thus represent other aspects of bacterial activity.We contribute to a hypothesis that HNA cells are more sensitive to perturbation, as proportions of HNA cells are significantly and positively correlated with membrane damaged cells (Pi+) in bacterial isolates, and HNA cells within the murine gut are decreased in proportion and absolute abundance during infection with Citrobacter rodentium. We connect significant decreases in the HNA cells to decreased trends in the Clostridiales order, which dominate the HNA fraction and contain butyrate-producing bacterial families. Finally, we see decreased concentrations (2.92x) of fecal butyrate during enteric infection, associating the decreases in HNA bacteria with host-benefiting metabolite production. Our results show a significant role for bacterial activity during perturbation, and our methods expand the information that can be extracted with bacterial flow cytometry.
520 $a Le microbiote intestinal assure d'importantes fonctions essentielles a la sante de l'hote. Le metabolisme des glucides accessibles au microbiote resulte en la production d'acides gras a chaine courte (AGCC), qui sont anti-inflammatoires et fournissent de l'energie aux cellules epitheliales intestinales. L'activite metabolique bacterienne est donc importante pour l'homeostasie intestinale. Ici, nous etudions l'activite bacterienne en utilisant la physiologie bacterienne, en particulier la teneur relative en acide nucleique, comme proxy. Les donnees provenant d'autres systemes bacteriens ont suggere que les bacteries a fort contenu en acides nucleiques (HNA) sont plus metaboliquement actives que les bacteries a faible contenu en acides nucleiques (LNA) au sein d'un ecosysteme donne. Ainsi, nous avons emis l'hypothese que le contenu relatif en acides nucleiques est liee a l'activite metabolique bacterienne dans le microbiote intestinal, et que la physiologie bacterienne peut etre perturbee par une infection enterique.Nous confirmons que les cellules HNA ont des niveaux d'ATP specifiques plus eleves a la fois dans 10 isolats bacteriens de l'intestin humain (2,50x plus eleves que LNA) et dans le microbiome murin (1,54x). De plus, dans l'intestin de la souris, les cellules HNA contribuent a la majorite de l'ATP intracellulaire du systeme (82,03%). Nous nous appuyons sur cette caracterisation montrant que HNA et LNA sont des populations dynamiques en monoculture, mais qu'elles ne different pas dans leurs taux de replication, et refletent donc d'autres aspects de l'activite bacterienne.Nous contribuons a l'hypothese que les cellules HNA sont plus sensibles aux perturbations, car les proportions de cellules HNA sont correlees de maniere significative et positive avec les cellules avec une membrane endommagee (Pi+) dans les isolats bacteriens, et les cellules HNA dans l'intestin murin diminuent en proportion et en abondance pendant l'infection par Citrobacter rodentium. Nous relions cette baisse significative des cellules HNA a des abondances diminuees dans l'ordre des Clostridiales, qui dominent la fraction HNA et contiennent des familles bacteriennes productrices de butyrate. Enfin, nous avons observe une diminution des concentrations (2,92x) de butyrate fecal lors d'une infection enterique, reliant la diminution des cellules HNA a une baisse de production de metabolites benefiques pour l'hote. Nos resultats montrent un role important pour l'activite metabolique bacterienne pendant un type de perturbation, et nos methodes augmentent les informations qui peuvent etre obtenues par cytometrie en flux sur des communautes bacteriennes.
590 $a School code: 0781.
650 4 $a Infections. $3 1621997
650 4 $a Physiology. $3 518431
650 4 $a Pathogens. $3 3540520
650 4 $a Gene expression. $3 643979
650 4 $a Inflammation. $3 662994
650 4 $a Bioinformatics. $3 553671
650 4 $a Disease. $3 705846
650 4 $a Microbiota. $3 3310213
653 $a Bacterial physiology
653 $a Gut microbiota
653 $a Enteric infection
690 $a 0410
690 $a 0982
690 $a 0719
710 2 $a McGill University (Canada). $3 1018122
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 82-10.
790 $a 0781
791 $a M.Sc.
792 $a 2020
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28383849