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Overfishing, Fishing Livelihoods and Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Overfishing, Fishing Livelihoods and Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon./
Author:	Poissant, David.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
Description:	158 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International83-03.
Subject:	Organic chemicals. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28730913
ISBN:	9798544221111

Overfishing, Fishing Livelihoods and Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon.
Poissant, David.

Overfishing, Fishing Livelihoods and Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 158 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03.

Thesis (M.S.)--McGill University (Canada), 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Amazonia is home to the most biodiverse freshwater fish assemblage in the world and to millions of inhabitants who rely on fishing for securing food and incomes. Starting in the 1960s, however, commercial fishing quickly expanded across the Amazon basin to feed growing populations in urban areas. Increased fishing pressure ultimately led to the depletion of fish stocks in many areas, especially nearby urban centers. In many remote areas, however, our knowledge of the impacts of fish harvest remains limited. Moreover, little is known about the geographical and socio-economic drivers of fishing livelihoods and how declining fish stocks affect the livelihood strategies of rural people. Such knowledge is critically needed to inform effective conservation and development policies.This study examines the fisheries of the Lower Ucayali River, a remote region of the Peruvian Amazon, which has become the main fish provider for city markets in eastern Peru. In the absence of standard biological data on local fish stocks, we conducted local ecological knowledge (LEK) surveys with 87 fishers in 18 communities to assess the impacts of fishing pressure on fish stocks. We also use data gathered as part of the Peruvian Amazon Rural Livelihoods and Poverty (PARLAP) project from a large-scale household survey of 3937 households in 235 communities to develop quantitative models of participation in fishing, levels of fish harvest and economic reliance on fish resources. Finally, we use household survey data that we gathered from 142 households located in six communities in the Lower Ucayali to assess household vulnerability to declining fish resources.Our results show that fish stocks have declined significantly over the last six decades along the Lower Ucayali River. Declines were more severe among species with higher economic value, larger body size, slower reproduction rates, and from higher trophic levels. Results from LEK surveys indicated a "shifting baseline syndrome" among our participants, whereby the new generation of users have lower reference points regarding ecosystem health and are gradually accommodating to species loss. Our LEK surveys also highlighted the importance of the PacayaSamiria National Reserve for sustaining fisheries in the Lower Ucayali. We found that demographic growth, increasing market connectivity, the introduction of new fishing materials and inadequate property regimes and governance systems are the main drivers of increased fishing pressure. Our quantitative models indicate that distance from cities drives participation in fisheries whereas market connectivity is a limiting factor for harvesting large quantities of fish. Households that were more asset rich when they settled have significantly higher levels of fish harvest, but lower levels of reliance on fisheries. Finally, we found wealthier households to be less affected by declines in fish resources, whereas poorer households had to quit fishing and rely on agriculture when fish stocks become depleted, increasing their food and economic insecurity.Our study identifies several priorities and strategies to secure the future of the fisheries and the wellbeing of fishers in the Lower Ucayali. Particular attention is needed on future changes affecting fish demand, market connection and new technologies to understand how, where, and when fish stocks are likely to be overexploited.

ISBN: 9798544221111Subjects--Topical Terms:

3560375
Organic chemicals.

Overfishing, Fishing Livelihoods and Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon.
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520 $a Amazonia is home to the most biodiverse freshwater fish assemblage in the world and to millions of inhabitants who rely on fishing for securing food and incomes. Starting in the 1960s, however, commercial fishing quickly expanded across the Amazon basin to feed growing populations in urban areas. Increased fishing pressure ultimately led to the depletion of fish stocks in many areas, especially nearby urban centers. In many remote areas, however, our knowledge of the impacts of fish harvest remains limited. Moreover, little is known about the geographical and socio-economic drivers of fishing livelihoods and how declining fish stocks affect the livelihood strategies of rural people. Such knowledge is critically needed to inform effective conservation and development policies.This study examines the fisheries of the Lower Ucayali River, a remote region of the Peruvian Amazon, which has become the main fish provider for city markets in eastern Peru. In the absence of standard biological data on local fish stocks, we conducted local ecological knowledge (LEK) surveys with 87 fishers in 18 communities to assess the impacts of fishing pressure on fish stocks. We also use data gathered as part of the Peruvian Amazon Rural Livelihoods and Poverty (PARLAP) project from a large-scale household survey of 3937 households in 235 communities to develop quantitative models of participation in fishing, levels of fish harvest and economic reliance on fish resources. Finally, we use household survey data that we gathered from 142 households located in six communities in the Lower Ucayali to assess household vulnerability to declining fish resources.Our results show that fish stocks have declined significantly over the last six decades along the Lower Ucayali River. Declines were more severe among species with higher economic value, larger body size, slower reproduction rates, and from higher trophic levels. Results from LEK surveys indicated a "shifting baseline syndrome" among our participants, whereby the new generation of users have lower reference points regarding ecosystem health and are gradually accommodating to species loss. Our LEK surveys also highlighted the importance of the PacayaSamiria National Reserve for sustaining fisheries in the Lower Ucayali. We found that demographic growth, increasing market connectivity, the introduction of new fishing materials and inadequate property regimes and governance systems are the main drivers of increased fishing pressure. Our quantitative models indicate that distance from cities drives participation in fisheries whereas market connectivity is a limiting factor for harvesting large quantities of fish. Households that were more asset rich when they settled have significantly higher levels of fish harvest, but lower levels of reliance on fisheries. Finally, we found wealthier households to be less affected by declines in fish resources, whereas poorer households had to quit fishing and rely on agriculture when fish stocks become depleted, increasing their food and economic insecurity.Our study identifies several priorities and strategies to secure the future of the fisheries and the wellbeing of fishers in the Lower Ucayali. Particular attention is needed on future changes affecting fish demand, market connection and new technologies to understand how, where, and when fish stocks are likely to be overexploited.
520 $a L'Amazonie abrite la communaute ichtyologique la plus diverse au monde ainsi que des millions d'habitants qui dependent directement la peche pour subvenir a leurs besoins. Cependant, la peche commerciale s'est rapidement intensifiee a partir des annees 1960 pour nourrir une population toujours croissante dans les zones urbaines. L'augmentation des activites de peche a conduit a l'epuisement des stocks de poissons a de nombreux endroits. Dans les milieux plus eloignes, cependant, nos connaissances sur les activites de peche ainsi que leurs impacts sur les communaute ichtyologiques locales demeurent limites. De plus, on en sait toujours peu sur les facteurs geographiques et socio-economiques qui conduisent la necessite ou la capacite des foyers de participer a la peche et comment ces foyers seront impactes par une diminution des stocks de poissons. Ces connaissances sont pourtant essentielles pour elaborer des politiques en conservation et en developpement qui seront efficaces.Notre etude se penche plus particulierement sur les pecheries en aval de la riviere Ucayali, un endroit recule de l'Amazonie Peruvienne qui est devenu l'un des principaux pourvoyeurs de poissons pour les marches urbains dans l'Est du Perou. Nous nous sommes appuyes sur les connaissances ecologiques locales de 87 pecheurs repartis dans 18 communautes differentes pour analyser l'impact des activites de peche sur la communaute ichtyologique locale. Nous avons egalement utilise les donnees de plus de 3937 foyers et 235 communautes distribues a travers l'Amazonie Peruvienne et qui ont ete recueillis dans le cadre du projet PARLAP (Peruvian Amazon Livelihoods and Poverty) afin de construire des modeles statistiques identifiant les principaux facteurs pouvant predire la quantite de poissons peches ainsi que la dependance economique a la pecherie des foyers. Nous avons finalement utilise les donnees recoltees dans 142 menages repartis dans six communautes de la riviere Ucayali afin d'identifier la sensibilite ainsi que les strategies d'adaptation des foyers au declin des stocks de poissonNos resultats indiquent que la communaute ichtyologique du bas de la Riviere Ucayali a ete grandement impactee par l'intensification des activites de peches. Les especes ayant une plus grande valeur marchande, une plus grande taille, des cycles de vie plus lent ainsi que celles ayant une position trophique plus elevee ont subi un declin plus prononce. Nos resultats indiquent egalement la presence du syndrome de la reference changeant ("shifting baseline syndrome") au sein de nos participants, processus par lequel les jeunes generations ont de nouvelles references quant a la sante de l'ecosysteme et s'habituent graduellement a la perte d'especes. Les connaissances ecologiques des pecheurs ont egalement permis de souligner l'importance de la Reserve National Pacaya-Samiria pour le maintien de la productivite des pecheries dans la riviere Ucayali. L'intensification des activites de peche a ete causee notamment par la croissance demographique, une connectivites accrue aux marches, l'introduction de nouveaux engins de peche et technologies ainsi que l'inadequation des structures de gouvernances avec les pratiques de peche locales. Nos modeles statistiques ont trouve que les foyers les plus marginalises (geographiquement, socialement et economiquement) dependent le plus des pecheries, mais recoltent moins de poissons.
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