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Essays in Law & Economics and Behavioral Economics.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Essays in Law & Economics and Behavioral Economics./
作者:	Gomies, Matthew.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2021,
面頁冊數:	119 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International83-03B.
標題:	Law enforcement. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28713245
ISBN:	9798538132645

Essays in Law & Economics and Behavioral Economics.
Gomies, Matthew.

Essays in Law & Economics and Behavioral Economics. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2021 - 119 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Claremont Graduate University, 2021.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation consists of three papers. One law & economics paper that investigates civilian complaints and prosecutor's upcharging behavior (Chapter 1) and two behavioral economics papers that investigate the link between attitudes and protective behavior (Chapter 2) and the lying behavior (Chapter 3). Though these papers may seem unrelated, they are tied together as the violation of law can be frequently explained by using behavioral analysis.Chapter 1 addresses the issue between civilian complaints and prosecutor's upcharging behavior. Civilian complaints may perform a socially beneficial role by uncovering illegal behavior, but at the same time, they may result in reputational and financial losses for the targeted institutions. This chapter empirically investigates one way in which criminal justice institutions respond to civilian complaints. Namely, criminal prosecutors can upcharge a defendant who files a civil complaint against law enforcement to make police use of force appear justified. Using data on citizen complaints and criminal charge outcomes from Cook County (Illinois), this paper finds a causal link between a citizen filing a complaint and the total number of charges filed. Moreover, citizen complaints also have significant consequences on a battery of other legal outcomes associated with a criminal case.In Chapter 2, we aim to measure people's attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and how these attitudes affect protective behaviors such as wearing a mask. In this paper, first we investigate the dominant themes of hopes and fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic from people's narratives. Second, we examine some of the possible determinants affecting negative (i.e., concern) and positive (i.e., confidence) attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic as well as people's perspectives on the future after the pandemic (i.e., new-normal and economic conditions). And third, we investigate the relationship between attitudes and mask-wearing behavior. For this study, we conducted an online survey (N=301) in July 2020. Using information from the survey, we find that the pandemic and economic conditions represent the most salient fears among participants, while their dominant hopes are the restoration of overall society and their particular lifestyles. We also find that factors related to health (i.e., physical & mental health and well-being), information (i.e., browsing and posting news), and trust (i.e., trust in the WHO and the CDC) incrementally affect people's attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and how they perceive the world after the pandemic. Last, using instrumental variable approach, we find that having concern about the COVID-19 pandemic reduces the reluctance of wearing a mask.Chapter 3 studies the effect of clothes on the behavior of the wearer by influencing the person's identity. We test this hypothesis by recruiting trick-or-treaters during Halloween, a time of year when people wear salient and extreme clothing. Because the tradition of costume wear for Halloween evolved, in part, to hide one's identity during "tricks" (i.e. norm violations), we measure the effect of Halloween costumes on ethical behavior. We use the lying game of Fischbacher and Follmi-Heusi as our experimental paradigm with 2 x 3 x 2 conditions. First, we vary the stakes to price lying behavior. Second, we run three conditions with different beneficiaries of the report (self, other, and both) to test whether lying for others is perceived to be normative. Third, we manipulate the salience of one's costume to test the effect of costume and identity on ethical behavior. Surprisingly, we find that costume salience caused "good guys" to lie more and "bad guys" to lie less. We interpret this either as a moral licensing effect or as stemming from a perception of being monitored. Our design allows for the identification of contagion effects, and although there were no direct effects of gender, we found that children lie more when children of the same gender near them lie more. We also find that stakes had no effect, people lied more for themselves than for others, and lying has an inverted-U pattern over age, peaking at age 12.

ISBN: 9798538132645Subjects--Topical Terms:

607408
Law enforcement.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Attitudes

Essays in Law & Economics and Behavioral Economics.
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245 1 0 $a Essays in Law & Economics and Behavioral Economics.
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300 $a 119 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 83-03, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: DeAngelo, Gregory.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Claremont Graduate University, 2021.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a This dissertation consists of three papers. One law & economics paper that investigates civilian complaints and prosecutor's upcharging behavior (Chapter 1) and two behavioral economics papers that investigate the link between attitudes and protective behavior (Chapter 2) and the lying behavior (Chapter 3). Though these papers may seem unrelated, they are tied together as the violation of law can be frequently explained by using behavioral analysis.Chapter 1 addresses the issue between civilian complaints and prosecutor's upcharging behavior. Civilian complaints may perform a socially beneficial role by uncovering illegal behavior, but at the same time, they may result in reputational and financial losses for the targeted institutions. This chapter empirically investigates one way in which criminal justice institutions respond to civilian complaints. Namely, criminal prosecutors can upcharge a defendant who files a civil complaint against law enforcement to make police use of force appear justified. Using data on citizen complaints and criminal charge outcomes from Cook County (Illinois), this paper finds a causal link between a citizen filing a complaint and the total number of charges filed. Moreover, citizen complaints also have significant consequences on a battery of other legal outcomes associated with a criminal case.In Chapter 2, we aim to measure people's attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and how these attitudes affect protective behaviors such as wearing a mask. In this paper, first we investigate the dominant themes of hopes and fears related to the COVID-19 pandemic from people's narratives. Second, we examine some of the possible determinants affecting negative (i.e., concern) and positive (i.e., confidence) attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic as well as people's perspectives on the future after the pandemic (i.e., new-normal and economic conditions). And third, we investigate the relationship between attitudes and mask-wearing behavior. For this study, we conducted an online survey (N=301) in July 2020. Using information from the survey, we find that the pandemic and economic conditions represent the most salient fears among participants, while their dominant hopes are the restoration of overall society and their particular lifestyles. We also find that factors related to health (i.e., physical & mental health and well-being), information (i.e., browsing and posting news), and trust (i.e., trust in the WHO and the CDC) incrementally affect people's attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic and how they perceive the world after the pandemic. Last, using instrumental variable approach, we find that having concern about the COVID-19 pandemic reduces the reluctance of wearing a mask.Chapter 3 studies the effect of clothes on the behavior of the wearer by influencing the person's identity. We test this hypothesis by recruiting trick-or-treaters during Halloween, a time of year when people wear salient and extreme clothing. Because the tradition of costume wear for Halloween evolved, in part, to hide one's identity during "tricks" (i.e. norm violations), we measure the effect of Halloween costumes on ethical behavior. We use the lying game of Fischbacher and Follmi-Heusi as our experimental paradigm with 2 x 3 x 2 conditions. First, we vary the stakes to price lying behavior. Second, we run three conditions with different beneficiaries of the report (self, other, and both) to test whether lying for others is perceived to be normative. Third, we manipulate the salience of one's costume to test the effect of costume and identity on ethical behavior. Surprisingly, we find that costume salience caused "good guys" to lie more and "bad guys" to lie less. We interpret this either as a moral licensing effect or as stemming from a perception of being monitored. Our design allows for the identification of contagion effects, and although there were no direct effects of gender, we found that children lie more when children of the same gender near them lie more. We also find that stakes had no effect, people lied more for themselves than for others, and lying has an inverted-U pattern over age, peaking at age 12.
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650 4 $a Behavioral sciences. $3 529833
650 4 $a Datasets. $3 3541416
650 4 $a Arrests. $3 3564702
650 4 $a Criminal law. $3 562467
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650 4 $a Plea bargaining. $3 1616413
650 4 $a COVID-19. $3 3554449
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653 $a COVID-19
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653 $a Lying
653 $a Upcharging
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710 2 $a The Claremont Graduate University. $b School of Social Science, Politics, and Evaluation. $3 3541184
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