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Microwave and Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization of Seafood Waste.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Microwave and Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization of Seafood Waste./
作者:	Kannan, Shrikalaa.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	308 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-09B.
標題:	Chemistry. -
電子資源:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28249387
ISBN:	9798582598442

Microwave and Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization of Seafood Waste.
Kannan, Shrikalaa.

Microwave and Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization of Seafood Waste. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 308 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Seafood production has improved globally over the years, leading to a predicted rise in consumption with increasing world population and our greater awareness of the health benefits of lean protein consumption. During the processing of seafood, a wastage of around 50% of the total mass of the raw material incurs. Fish and shrimp wastes are generated in large quantities every year in seafaring countries, including Canada. The improper disposal of such wastes is detrimental to the environment, while their safe disposal is expensive. Current strategies of seafood waste utilization primarily involve the production of fish meal, silage, and bioactive extraction all of which utilize only part of the seafood waste. One major disadvantage that is common to all these technologies is that they all leave behind or generate new wastes, which need further processing. Therefore, we need an alternate or supplemental technology to enable complete utilization of seafood waste.Most of the raw materials used by waste management technologies, including pyrolysis, employ lignocellulosic material that is rich in carbohydrates to achieve better yields. One such process called hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been gaining increasing attention as an efficient waste management technology. Unlike, pyrolysis, HTC can handle moisture rich waste. HTC converts biomass into a coal-like material called hydrochar and an aqueous bio-crude liquor upon treatment at high temperatures (150-250 °C) for a few hours. More recently, HTC has been used to treat complex waste streams such as sewage sludge, human biowastes and municipal wastes that are moisture rich and are a mixture of lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic biomass. Seafood waste, on the other hand is completely non-lignocellulosic, consisting of primarily proteins and fats, where carbohydrates form only a very small fraction. Their suitability to HTC was unknown until now.This thesis aims to fill this gap. First, this thesis evaluated the suitability of seafood waste for processing by HTC. It was found that subjecting seafood waste to HTC directly, with acid, or with alkali hydrolysis proved to be ineffective. However, the use of an enzyme pre-treatment led to the production of hydrochar suggesting that it is critical to hydrolyze the seafood waste prior to HTC. Further optimization studies were performed to maximize the hydrolysis of seafood waste. Second, two different heating modes were employed to optimize the production of hydrochar. The optimization of microwave hydrothermal carbonization (MHTC) process parameters to maximize the production of hydrochar from seafood waste preceded the more traditional conventional hydrothermal carbonization (CHTC) process. MHTC and CHTC of seafood waste yielded hydrochar of elemental, proximate, energy, and surface properties that are largely comparable to hydrochar produced from lignocellulosic wastes such as saw dust, and mixed wastes such as sewage. However, MHTC resulted in shorter come up times and better microstructural properties. Further, MHTC of shrimp waste resulted in a higher hydrochar yield than CHTC. Third, the bio-crude liquor left behind after the MHTC and CHTC was also found to be rich in commercially attractive compounds. Taken together, this makes the HTC process doubly attractive with multifaceted benefits to the processing industry as both the hydrochar and bio-crude liquor could be of economical value. Our study therefore has shown for the first time that HTC can be used to completely utilize seafood waste and thus contributes to efficient seafood waste management. This study paves the way for the utilization of other underused wastes such as meat wastes, and leather industry wastes that are protein rich and low in carbohydrates. Finally, this study has opened the possibility for future research on HTC as a more holistic basis not only for treating complex biowastes but also for the sustainable production of value added products.

ISBN: 9798582598442Subjects--Topical Terms:

516420
Chemistry.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Microwave

Microwave and Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization of Seafood Waste.
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100 1 $a Kannan, Shrikalaa. $3 3562549
245 1 0 $a Microwave and Conventional Hydrothermal Carbonization of Seafood Waste.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2018
300 $a 308 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-09, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Raghavan, Vijaya.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McGill University (Canada), 2018.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Seafood production has improved globally over the years, leading to a predicted rise in consumption with increasing world population and our greater awareness of the health benefits of lean protein consumption. During the processing of seafood, a wastage of around 50% of the total mass of the raw material incurs. Fish and shrimp wastes are generated in large quantities every year in seafaring countries, including Canada. The improper disposal of such wastes is detrimental to the environment, while their safe disposal is expensive. Current strategies of seafood waste utilization primarily involve the production of fish meal, silage, and bioactive extraction all of which utilize only part of the seafood waste. One major disadvantage that is common to all these technologies is that they all leave behind or generate new wastes, which need further processing. Therefore, we need an alternate or supplemental technology to enable complete utilization of seafood waste.Most of the raw materials used by waste management technologies, including pyrolysis, employ lignocellulosic material that is rich in carbohydrates to achieve better yields. One such process called hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been gaining increasing attention as an efficient waste management technology. Unlike, pyrolysis, HTC can handle moisture rich waste. HTC converts biomass into a coal-like material called hydrochar and an aqueous bio-crude liquor upon treatment at high temperatures (150-250 °C) for a few hours. More recently, HTC has been used to treat complex waste streams such as sewage sludge, human biowastes and municipal wastes that are moisture rich and are a mixture of lignocellulosic and non-lignocellulosic biomass. Seafood waste, on the other hand is completely non-lignocellulosic, consisting of primarily proteins and fats, where carbohydrates form only a very small fraction. Their suitability to HTC was unknown until now.This thesis aims to fill this gap. First, this thesis evaluated the suitability of seafood waste for processing by HTC. It was found that subjecting seafood waste to HTC directly, with acid, or with alkali hydrolysis proved to be ineffective. However, the use of an enzyme pre-treatment led to the production of hydrochar suggesting that it is critical to hydrolyze the seafood waste prior to HTC. Further optimization studies were performed to maximize the hydrolysis of seafood waste. Second, two different heating modes were employed to optimize the production of hydrochar. The optimization of microwave hydrothermal carbonization (MHTC) process parameters to maximize the production of hydrochar from seafood waste preceded the more traditional conventional hydrothermal carbonization (CHTC) process. MHTC and CHTC of seafood waste yielded hydrochar of elemental, proximate, energy, and surface properties that are largely comparable to hydrochar produced from lignocellulosic wastes such as saw dust, and mixed wastes such as sewage. However, MHTC resulted in shorter come up times and better microstructural properties. Further, MHTC of shrimp waste resulted in a higher hydrochar yield than CHTC. Third, the bio-crude liquor left behind after the MHTC and CHTC was also found to be rich in commercially attractive compounds. Taken together, this makes the HTC process doubly attractive with multifaceted benefits to the processing industry as both the hydrochar and bio-crude liquor could be of economical value. Our study therefore has shown for the first time that HTC can be used to completely utilize seafood waste and thus contributes to efficient seafood waste management. This study paves the way for the utilization of other underused wastes such as meat wastes, and leather industry wastes that are protein rich and low in carbohydrates. Finally, this study has opened the possibility for future research on HTC as a more holistic basis not only for treating complex biowastes but also for the sustainable production of value added products.
520 $a La production de fruits de mer s'est amelioree au cours des annees, et notre consommation est prevue d'augmenter avec l'accroissement de la population et la promotion des bienfaits de la consommation de proteines maigres pour la sante. Lors du traitement des produits de la mer, un gaspillage d'environ 50% de la masse totale de la matiere premiere est encouru. La mauvaise elimination de ces dechets cause des dommages a l'environnement, alors que leur elimination securitaire est couteuse. Les strategies d'utilisation des dechets de produits de la mer au present sont la production de farine de poisson, d'ensilage et l'extraction bioactive. Toutes ces fonctions utilisent seulement une partie des dechets. Un inconvenient majeur commun a toutes ces technologies est qu'elles laissent derriere elles ou generent de nouveaux dechets, qui necessitent un traitement supplementaire. Par consequent, nous avons besoin d'une technologie additionnelle ou alternative pour permettre l'utilisation complete des dechets de produits de la mer.Un tel processus, la carbonisation hydrothermale (HTC) attire de plus en plus d'attention en tant que technologie efficace de gestion des dechets. Contrairement a la pyrolyse, la HTC peut traiter les dechets riches en humidite. La HTC convertit la biomasse en un materiau semblable au charbon appele hydrochar et une liqueur aqueuse bio-brute apres un traitement a haute temperature (150-250 °C) pendant quelques heures. Plus recemment, la HTC a ete utilisee pour traiter des flux de dechets complexes tels que les boues d'epuration, les dechets biologiques humains et les dechets municipaux qui sont riches en humidite et sont un melange de biomasse lignocellulosique et non-lignocellulosique. D'autre part, les dechets marins sont principalement constitues de proteines et de graisses non-lignocellulosiques, les glucides ne formant qu'une tres petite fraction de la masse totale. Leur compatibilite avec l'HTC etait inconnue jusqu'a present.Tout d'abord, Il a ete constate que de soumettre les dechets de fruits de mer directement a l'HTC avec de l'acide ou avec une hydrolyse alcaline est inefficace. Toutefois, l'utilisation d'un pretraitement enzymatique a ete efficace a la production d'hydrochar suggerant qu'il est essentiel d'hydrolyser les dechets de fruits de mer avant le traitement de l'HTC. D'autres etudes ont ete realisees pour l'optimisation de l'hydrolyse pour des dechets de produits de la mer. Deuxiemement, deux modes de chauffage differents ont ete utilises pour optimiser la production d'hydrochar. L'optimisation des parametres de la procedure de carbonisation hydrothermale, par hyperfrequence (MHTC) pour maximiser la production d'hydrochar a partir de dechets de produits de la mer, a precede le processus de carbonisation hydrothermale plus conventionnel et traditionnel (CHTC). Le resultat de MHTC et de CHTC utilisant des dechets de fruits de mer ont produit une hydrochar avec des proprietes elementaires, proches, energetiques et de surface qui sont largement comparables a l'hydrochar produit a partir de dechets lignocellulosiques de faible qualite et aux dechets mixtes tels que les eaux usees. Cependant MHTC a permis des temps de remontee plus courts avec de meilleures proprietes de microstructure. De plus, le cas des dechets de crevettes par le MHTC a entraine un meilleur rendement de l'hydrochar que celui du CHTC. Troisiemement, la liqueur bio-brute laissee apres les processus de MHTC et de CHTC est egalement riche en composes commercialement attractifs. Pris ensemble, cela rend le processus HTC doublement interessant parce qu'il peut apporter de multiples avantages a l'industrie de la transformation, avec une valeur economique realisable pour l'hydrochar et la liqueur bio-brute. Notre etude a demontre, pour la premiere fois au monde, que la HTC peut etre appliquee pour utiliser completement les dechets de fruits de mer et apporte une contribution a la gestion efficace des dechets de produits de la mer.
590 $a School code: 0781.
650 4 $a Chemistry. $3 516420
650 4 $a Antimicrobial agents. $3 3556833
650 4 $a Food. $3 551593
650 4 $a Fisheries. $3 609669
650 4 $a Biotechnology. $3 571461
650 4 $a Metabolites. $3 683644
650 4 $a Fatty acids. $3 897910
650 4 $a Food science. $3 3173303
650 4 $a Bioengineering. $3 657580
653 $a Microwave
653 $a Conventional hydrothermal carbonization
653 $a Seafood waste
690 $a 0202
690 $a 0359
690 $a 0485
710 2 $a McGill University (Canada). $3 1018122
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 82-09B.
790 $a 0781
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2018
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28249387