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Technical, Economic, and Carbon Diox...

Huezo Sanchez, Luis.

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Technical, Economic, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Analyses of Managing Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge Through Hydrothermal Carbonization.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Technical, Economic, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Analyses of Managing Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge Through Hydrothermal Carbonization./
Author:	Huezo Sanchez, Luis.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	176 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-07, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International82-07B.
Subject:	Sustainability. -
Online resource:	https://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=28225673
ISBN:	9798684613289

Technical, Economic, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Analyses of Managing Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge Through Hydrothermal Carbonization.
Huezo Sanchez, Luis.

Technical, Economic, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Analyses of Managing Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge Through Hydrothermal Carbonization. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 176 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 82-07, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Sewage sludge is the solid byproduct from wastewater treatment plants, and some of it is treated by anaerobic digestion (AD), which is a biological method that produces biogas and an AD effluent (ADE). Biogas is typically used for energy and heat. Anaerobic digestion effluent has a high concentration of microbes, nutrients, carbon, and water. It is typically dewatered, and its fates include incineration, landfilling, composting, or application to agricultural fields; in all these options, ADE needs to be transported. The storage and transportation of ADE have environmental impacts on water, soil, and air. Dewatering ADE is energy and cost intensive. A viable alternative to process ADE could be thermochemical methods, such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), that can treat ADE at high temperatures and pressures without the need to remove the water. HTC produces a carbonized char-like material called hydrochar with potential uses as solid fuel and soil amendment. Hydrochar as soil amendment has the potential to improve the properties of the soil and crop yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of producing hydrochar through HTC of ADE from sewage sludge and analyze its use as soil amendment.Hydrothermal carbonization of ADE from sewage sludge was conducted between 180 and 260°C for a residence time between 30 and 70 minutes following a central composite design. The process parameters evaluated were temperature, time, and feedstock pH; the response variables included hydrochar and liquor yields and properties. The produced hydrochar was used as soil amendment at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 g per kg of soil. Seedling flats were filled with the char-soil mixtures, and lettuce seeds were planted and placed in a greenhouse. Soil and plant responses, such as nutrient retention, seed germination, and biomass production were analyzed based on char sources and rates. To scale-up the combined AD-HTC system to a sewage input flow of 15 ton hr-1, the process was modeled and a techno-economic analysis was performed with data from wastewater treatment plants, equipment and process conditions; properties of feedstock, intermediates, and final products; and cost of feedstock, materials, equipment, and utilities. The direct carbon dioxide emissions of the combined AD-HTC system were estimated. Temperature was the most influential parameter in producing hydrochar. Higher temperatures resulted in lower hydrochar yields, higher ash contents, and a more carbonized material. Soil amended with hydrochar had higher pH, phosphorus content, and cation exchange capacity compared to soil with no amendment. Lettuce emergence rates in soils amended with hydrochar were similar and higher compared to pyrochar and no-char. All dry weights from roots, leaves, and whole plants for amended soils were greater than those for no-char. When the combined AD-HTC system was scaled-up, the capital investment was calculated to be ~US$36 million, with a payback time of less than six years, internal rate of return of ~12%, and an operating cost of ~US$1,300 ton-1 of hydrochar. The direct carbon dioxide emissions of the combined AD-HTC system decreased compared to scenarios without AD or HTC to manage sewage sludge. In conclusion, the production of hydrochar from sewage sludge through a combined AD-HTC system has the potential to be technically, economically, and environmentally feasible and to be implemented in the current wastewater treatment plants.

ISBN: 9798684613289Subjects--Topical Terms:

1029978
Sustainability.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Hydrothermal carbonization

Technical, Economic, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Analyses of Managing Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge Through Hydrothermal Carbonization.
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520 $a Sewage sludge is the solid byproduct from wastewater treatment plants, and some of it is treated by anaerobic digestion (AD), which is a biological method that produces biogas and an AD effluent (ADE). Biogas is typically used for energy and heat. Anaerobic digestion effluent has a high concentration of microbes, nutrients, carbon, and water. It is typically dewatered, and its fates include incineration, landfilling, composting, or application to agricultural fields; in all these options, ADE needs to be transported. The storage and transportation of ADE have environmental impacts on water, soil, and air. Dewatering ADE is energy and cost intensive. A viable alternative to process ADE could be thermochemical methods, such as hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), that can treat ADE at high temperatures and pressures without the need to remove the water. HTC produces a carbonized char-like material called hydrochar with potential uses as solid fuel and soil amendment. Hydrochar as soil amendment has the potential to improve the properties of the soil and crop yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of producing hydrochar through HTC of ADE from sewage sludge and analyze its use as soil amendment.Hydrothermal carbonization of ADE from sewage sludge was conducted between 180 and 260°C for a residence time between 30 and 70 minutes following a central composite design. The process parameters evaluated were temperature, time, and feedstock pH; the response variables included hydrochar and liquor yields and properties. The produced hydrochar was used as soil amendment at 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 g per kg of soil. Seedling flats were filled with the char-soil mixtures, and lettuce seeds were planted and placed in a greenhouse. Soil and plant responses, such as nutrient retention, seed germination, and biomass production were analyzed based on char sources and rates. To scale-up the combined AD-HTC system to a sewage input flow of 15 ton hr-1, the process was modeled and a techno-economic analysis was performed with data from wastewater treatment plants, equipment and process conditions; properties of feedstock, intermediates, and final products; and cost of feedstock, materials, equipment, and utilities. The direct carbon dioxide emissions of the combined AD-HTC system were estimated. Temperature was the most influential parameter in producing hydrochar. Higher temperatures resulted in lower hydrochar yields, higher ash contents, and a more carbonized material. Soil amended with hydrochar had higher pH, phosphorus content, and cation exchange capacity compared to soil with no amendment. Lettuce emergence rates in soils amended with hydrochar were similar and higher compared to pyrochar and no-char. All dry weights from roots, leaves, and whole plants for amended soils were greater than those for no-char. When the combined AD-HTC system was scaled-up, the capital investment was calculated to be ~US$36 million, with a payback time of less than six years, internal rate of return of ~12%, and an operating cost of ~US$1,300 ton-1 of hydrochar. The direct carbon dioxide emissions of the combined AD-HTC system decreased compared to scenarios without AD or HTC to manage sewage sludge. In conclusion, the production of hydrochar from sewage sludge through a combined AD-HTC system has the potential to be technically, economically, and environmentally feasible and to be implemented in the current wastewater treatment plants.
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650 4 $a Alternative energy. $3 3436775
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