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Permatourism: Concept Development, Application and Empirical Validation.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Permatourism: Concept Development, Application and Empirical Validation./
作者:	Simoes Ferreira, Bruno Miguel.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	265 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-09, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-09A.
標題:	Economic theory. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27731916
ISBN:	9781392455883

Permatourism: Concept Development, Application and Empirical Validation.
Simoes Ferreira, Bruno Miguel.

Permatourism: Concept Development, Application and Empirical Validation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 265 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-09, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Grassroots tourism development models are reported to engender conscientization, entrepreneurial networking, self-efficacy, and the creation of locally owned and operated tourism microenterprises. However, actual local participation may be constrained by sociopolitical, legal, administrative and economic structures. In reaction to the inherent limitations of existing models, this study proposes an alternative form of tourism development, Permatourism, which pursues the complementarity between top-down and bottom-up approaches as well as between the informal and formal tourism sectors. In addition, this study leverages my extensive fieldwork in NC within the Fork2Farmer project, which aims to de-anonymize farm tourism microentrepreneurs (FMTEs) and create alternative revenue streams, as well as my involvement in a project in the ejido Playa Grande, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, which aims at enabling dignified livelihoods through communitarian tourism entrepreneurship. First, I drew on Permaculture design theory to develop the theoretical underpinnings of Permatourism. Namely, I drew from Permaculture's three ethics and 12 guiding principles to delineate the conceptual foundation of the Permatourism development approach. In addition, I explored the extent to which the proposed framework helps explain successes and failures in tourism development case studies, and used those observations to outline best practices in tourism development. Second, considering that Permatourism advocates for a symbiotic alignment between formal and informal sectors, I used structural equation modelling to explore the extent to which self-efficacy among FTMEs in NC can be predicted by the level of bridging ties they have with formal private sector partners (e.g., celebrated farm-to-table chefs), public sector support agencies (e.g., Extension Offices and TDAs), and other peers (e.g., other farmers). Data from 207 FTMEs suggests that the bridging ties significantly and positively influence internal and external self-efficacy, and that internal selfefficacy significantly and positively influences microentrepreneurial intention. Finally, I conducted 28 in-depth interviews with two subaltern groups of tourism microentrepreneurs in Puerto Vallarta, namely 1) artisans in Bucerias who sell their art at markets and plazas and receive visitors through a local non-profit, and 2) ejidatarios of Playa Grande, who established a community-owned ecopark which offers canopy tours, horseback-riding, local food and glamping. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and theoretical thematic analysis was conducted to examine their perceptions of the local industry and adaptation strategies to optimize the scarce economic opportunities conceded by a tourism-generated socioeconomic apartheid. Findings suggest that although microentrepreneurs are cognizant that formal sector players have the upper hand, they are still able to glean livelihood opportunities by aligning themselves with the formal sector and providing complementary services and products. My research follows a participatory action-research methodology in which I partner with the people and communities with whom I conduct my studies in the pursuit of a shared horizon of enabling locals to be meaningfully involved in tourism microentrepreneurship. Accordingly, during the five years of my study in rural North Carolina I have engaged with groups of farmers in 15 counties, assisting them in beginning to offer farm experiences, and helping develop county-level marketing coalitions that funded 14 short films about celebrated chefs and small scale farmers. In Mexico, the study communities and I have co-created a service spring break package for American students, with the goal to bypass predatory local tourism retail monopolies. The community will host their first cohort of American students in March 2020. Besides the short-term direct benefits this approach generated to the participants in my two studies, this methodological approach afforded me with an immersive understanding of the microentrepreneurs and a more nuanced interpretation of my results. Overall, this dissertation advances understanding of how the tourism informal economy intersects with formal private and public sector, and could assist tourism governance officials in developing initiatives and policies that can make their destinations more equitable and competitive.

ISBN: 9781392455883Subjects--Topical Terms:

1556984
Economic theory.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Transnational tourism corporate sector

Permatourism: Concept Development, Application and Empirical Validation.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-09, Section: A.
500 $a Advisor: Brookins, Craig;Brothers, Gene;Jakes, Susan;Morais, Duarte.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Grassroots tourism development models are reported to engender conscientization, entrepreneurial networking, self-efficacy, and the creation of locally owned and operated tourism microenterprises. However, actual local participation may be constrained by sociopolitical, legal, administrative and economic structures. In reaction to the inherent limitations of existing models, this study proposes an alternative form of tourism development, Permatourism, which pursues the complementarity between top-down and bottom-up approaches as well as between the informal and formal tourism sectors. In addition, this study leverages my extensive fieldwork in NC within the Fork2Farmer project, which aims to de-anonymize farm tourism microentrepreneurs (FMTEs) and create alternative revenue streams, as well as my involvement in a project in the ejido Playa Grande, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, which aims at enabling dignified livelihoods through communitarian tourism entrepreneurship. First, I drew on Permaculture design theory to develop the theoretical underpinnings of Permatourism. Namely, I drew from Permaculture's three ethics and 12 guiding principles to delineate the conceptual foundation of the Permatourism development approach. In addition, I explored the extent to which the proposed framework helps explain successes and failures in tourism development case studies, and used those observations to outline best practices in tourism development. Second, considering that Permatourism advocates for a symbiotic alignment between formal and informal sectors, I used structural equation modelling to explore the extent to which self-efficacy among FTMEs in NC can be predicted by the level of bridging ties they have with formal private sector partners (e.g., celebrated farm-to-table chefs), public sector support agencies (e.g., Extension Offices and TDAs), and other peers (e.g., other farmers). Data from 207 FTMEs suggests that the bridging ties significantly and positively influence internal and external self-efficacy, and that internal selfefficacy significantly and positively influences microentrepreneurial intention. Finally, I conducted 28 in-depth interviews with two subaltern groups of tourism microentrepreneurs in Puerto Vallarta, namely 1) artisans in Bucerias who sell their art at markets and plazas and receive visitors through a local non-profit, and 2) ejidatarios of Playa Grande, who established a community-owned ecopark which offers canopy tours, horseback-riding, local food and glamping. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and theoretical thematic analysis was conducted to examine their perceptions of the local industry and adaptation strategies to optimize the scarce economic opportunities conceded by a tourism-generated socioeconomic apartheid. Findings suggest that although microentrepreneurs are cognizant that formal sector players have the upper hand, they are still able to glean livelihood opportunities by aligning themselves with the formal sector and providing complementary services and products. My research follows a participatory action-research methodology in which I partner with the people and communities with whom I conduct my studies in the pursuit of a shared horizon of enabling locals to be meaningfully involved in tourism microentrepreneurship. Accordingly, during the five years of my study in rural North Carolina I have engaged with groups of farmers in 15 counties, assisting them in beginning to offer farm experiences, and helping develop county-level marketing coalitions that funded 14 short films about celebrated chefs and small scale farmers. In Mexico, the study communities and I have co-created a service spring break package for American students, with the goal to bypass predatory local tourism retail monopolies. The community will host their first cohort of American students in March 2020. Besides the short-term direct benefits this approach generated to the participants in my two studies, this methodological approach afforded me with an immersive understanding of the microentrepreneurs and a more nuanced interpretation of my results. Overall, this dissertation advances understanding of how the tourism informal economy intersects with formal private and public sector, and could assist tourism governance officials in developing initiatives and policies that can make their destinations more equitable and competitive.
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