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Renovation Strategies for Toxic Endo...

Ingram, Sammuel Harper.

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Renovation Strategies for Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue for Profitability, Animal and Agronomic Performance, and Soil Health.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Renovation Strategies for Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue for Profitability, Animal and Agronomic Performance, and Soil Health./
Author:	Ingram, Sammuel Harper.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	149 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-03, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-03B.
Subject:	Soil sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27528215
ISBN:	9781085644204

Renovation Strategies for Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue for Profitability, Animal and Agronomic Performance, and Soil Health.
Ingram, Sammuel Harper.

Renovation Strategies for Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue for Profitability, Animal and Agronomic Performance, and Soil Health. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 149 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-03, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] is the base pasture forage for the transition zone of the eastern U.S. The majority of tall fescue pastures are infested with a fungal endophyte (Epichloe coenophiala) that produces ergot alkaloids. Specifically, ergovaline has been linked to fescue toxicosis, a $600 million annual problem for beef cattle producers. Mitigation of fescue toxicosis can be achieved through various approaches, but eradication of wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue and replacement with novel-endophyte tall fescue is a more certain strategy to eliminate fescue toxicosis.Three renovation strategies for wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures to novel endophyte-infected tall fescue were investigated for effects on soil health, animal and agronomic performance and cost during the renovation. Sixteen 0.8-ha plots previously established in wildtype, endophyte-infected tall fescue were used for this replicated field study beginning in May 2017. Novel endophyte-infected tall fescue was established in Sep 2018. Treatments included: wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue as control (Con), one season single species smother crop (1-SM), three-season single species smother crop (3-SM), and three-season complex mixture smother crop (3-CM). Mean initial soil bulk density was less than mean final bulk density across treatments and 3-CM and 3-SM bulk density values were higher than the control at planting. Mean initial total organic C, total N, and surface residue mass were greater than mean final concentrations, but not affected by treatments during renovation. Soil biological properties (i.e. soil microbial biomass, potential C and N mineralization, and the flush of CO2) were generally lower for mean final concentration in comparison to initial mean concentrations and not affected by renovation treatments. Herbage accumulation for 3-SM was greater than the control and 1-SM, while 3-CM did not differ from the control and 1-SM HA in Summer 2017. In Summer 2018, herbage accumulation for 3-CM was greater than the control and 3-SM. Planted desirable species was >50% for the first three sampling dates in Summer 2017, but was consistently <50% for 1-SM, 3-SM, and 3-CM in Summer 2018. Animal performance on the control treatment without renovation was lower in each season compared with all other treatments. Animal performance did not differ between 3-SM and 3-CM for any grazing period and these animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) compared to all other treatments for each grazing period. Bodyweight (BW) gain per hectare was less for the control for all grazing periods in comparison to 3-SM and 3-CM in Summer 2017 and to all other treatments for Winter 2018 and Summer 2018. The observed BW gain per hectare and animal unit grazing days for 3-SM in Winter 2018 were greater than the control and 3-SM. Total return ($/ha) from BW gain per hectare was lower for the control compared to all other treatments for each grazing season. When examining total return from hay harvested in Spring 2019, no differences were observed among treatments. Net cost ($/ha) for each renovation strategy was: 1-SM, $510.68; 3-SM, $109.21; 3- CM; $247.47. All renovation treatments resulted in successful establishment of novel endophyteinfected tall fescue in Sep 2018 with an average pasture rating score (1-5) of 4.57, 4.55, 4.48 for 1-SM, 3-SM, and 3-CM, respectively. With adequate herbage accumulation and high nutritive value, animal performance was improved during the annual-forage renovation periods and offset some of the costs of renovation. However, net economic return was positive only in the control due to very low costs despite the lower returns. This study highlights the opportunity costs farmers face when renovating wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures.

ISBN: 9781085644204Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122699
Soil sciences.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Tall fescue

Renovation Strategies for Toxic Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue for Profitability, Animal and Agronomic Performance, and Soil Health.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-03, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Poole, Daniel;Anderson, Kenneth;Franzluebbers, Alan;Castillo, Miguel;Poore, Matt.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] is the base pasture forage for the transition zone of the eastern U.S. The majority of tall fescue pastures are infested with a fungal endophyte (Epichloe coenophiala) that produces ergot alkaloids. Specifically, ergovaline has been linked to fescue toxicosis, a $600 million annual problem for beef cattle producers. Mitigation of fescue toxicosis can be achieved through various approaches, but eradication of wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue and replacement with novel-endophyte tall fescue is a more certain strategy to eliminate fescue toxicosis.Three renovation strategies for wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures to novel endophyte-infected tall fescue were investigated for effects on soil health, animal and agronomic performance and cost during the renovation. Sixteen 0.8-ha plots previously established in wildtype, endophyte-infected tall fescue were used for this replicated field study beginning in May 2017. Novel endophyte-infected tall fescue was established in Sep 2018. Treatments included: wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue as control (Con), one season single species smother crop (1-SM), three-season single species smother crop (3-SM), and three-season complex mixture smother crop (3-CM). Mean initial soil bulk density was less than mean final bulk density across treatments and 3-CM and 3-SM bulk density values were higher than the control at planting. Mean initial total organic C, total N, and surface residue mass were greater than mean final concentrations, but not affected by treatments during renovation. Soil biological properties (i.e. soil microbial biomass, potential C and N mineralization, and the flush of CO2) were generally lower for mean final concentration in comparison to initial mean concentrations and not affected by renovation treatments. Herbage accumulation for 3-SM was greater than the control and 1-SM, while 3-CM did not differ from the control and 1-SM HA in Summer 2017. In Summer 2018, herbage accumulation for 3-CM was greater than the control and 3-SM. Planted desirable species was >50% for the first three sampling dates in Summer 2017, but was consistently <50% for 1-SM, 3-SM, and 3-CM in Summer 2018. Animal performance on the control treatment without renovation was lower in each season compared with all other treatments. Animal performance did not differ between 3-SM and 3-CM for any grazing period and these animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) compared to all other treatments for each grazing period. Bodyweight (BW) gain per hectare was less for the control for all grazing periods in comparison to 3-SM and 3-CM in Summer 2017 and to all other treatments for Winter 2018 and Summer 2018. The observed BW gain per hectare and animal unit grazing days for 3-SM in Winter 2018 were greater than the control and 3-SM. Total return ($/ha) from BW gain per hectare was lower for the control compared to all other treatments for each grazing season. When examining total return from hay harvested in Spring 2019, no differences were observed among treatments. Net cost ($/ha) for each renovation strategy was: 1-SM, $510.68; 3-SM, $109.21; 3- CM; $247.47. All renovation treatments resulted in successful establishment of novel endophyteinfected tall fescue in Sep 2018 with an average pasture rating score (1-5) of 4.57, 4.55, 4.48 for 1-SM, 3-SM, and 3-CM, respectively. With adequate herbage accumulation and high nutritive value, animal performance was improved during the annual-forage renovation periods and offset some of the costs of renovation. However, net economic return was positive only in the control due to very low costs despite the lower returns. This study highlights the opportunity costs farmers face when renovating wild-type, endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures.
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650 4 $a Environmental management. $3 535182
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