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Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless ...

St-Onge, Denis Andre.

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Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless and Weakly Collisional Magnetized Plasmas.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless and Weakly Collisional Magnetized Plasmas./
Author:	St-Onge, Denis Andre.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	212 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-05B.
Subject:	Plasma physics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=22587017
ISBN:	9781687933133

Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless and Weakly Collisional Magnetized Plasmas.
St-Onge, Denis Andre.

Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless and Weakly Collisional Magnetized Plasmas. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 212 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

In weakly collisional astrophysical plasmas, such as the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters, the amplification of cosmic magnetic fields by chaotic fluid motions is hampered by the adiabatic production of magnetic-field-aligned pressure anisotropy. This anisotropy drives a viscous stress parallel to the field that inhibits the plasma's ability to stretch magnetic-field lines. We demonstrate through the use of kinetic simulations that in high-$\\beta$ plasmas, kinetic ion-Larmor scale instabilities---namely, firehose and mirror---sever the adiabatic link between the thermal and magnetic pressures, reducing this viscous stress and thereby allowing the dynamo to operate. We identify two distinct regimes of the fluctuation dynamo in a magnetized plasma: one in which these instabilities efficiently regulate the pressure anisotropy so that it does not venture much beyond the firehose and mirror instability thresholds, and one in which this regulation is imperfect. Using kinetic and Braginskii-MHD simulations and analytic theory, we elucidate the role of these kinetic instabilities on the plasma viscosity and determine how the fields and flows self-organize to allow the dynamo to operate in the face of parallel viscous stresses. In the case of efficient pressure-anisotropy regulation, the plasma dynamo closely resembles its more traditional ${\\rm Pm}\\gtrsim{1}$ MHD counterpart. When the regulation is imperfect, the dynamo exhibits characteristics remarkably similar to those found in the saturated state of the MHD dynamo. An analytical model for the latter regime is developed that exploits this similarity. The model predicts that the plasma dynamo ceases to operate if the ratio of field-aligned to field-perpendicular viscosities is too large, a behavior confirmed by numerical simulation. Leveraging these results, we construct a novel set of microphysical closures for fluid simulations that bridges these two regimes---one that exhibits explosive magnetic-field growth caused by a field-strength-dependent viscosity set by the firehose and mirror instabilities. The dynamo in both collisionless and weakly collisional plasmas are then closely compared to each other, revealing substantial differences in how sub-parallel viscous motions behave. The former (collisionless) scenario experiences a cascade of stretching motions to sub-Larmor scales that lead to increasingly fast dynamo as the magnetic Reynolds number is increased.

ISBN: 9781687933133Subjects--Topical Terms:

3175417
Plasma physics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Dynamos

Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless and Weakly Collisional Magnetized Plasmas.
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100 1 $a St-Onge, Denis Andre. $3 3550117
245 1 0 $a Fluctuation Dynamo in Collisionless and Weakly Collisional Magnetized Plasmas.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2019
300 $a 212 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-05, Section: B.
500 $a Advisor: Kunz, Matthew W.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Princeton University, 2019.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a In weakly collisional astrophysical plasmas, such as the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters, the amplification of cosmic magnetic fields by chaotic fluid motions is hampered by the adiabatic production of magnetic-field-aligned pressure anisotropy. This anisotropy drives a viscous stress parallel to the field that inhibits the plasma's ability to stretch magnetic-field lines. We demonstrate through the use of kinetic simulations that in high-$\\beta$ plasmas, kinetic ion-Larmor scale instabilities---namely, firehose and mirror---sever the adiabatic link between the thermal and magnetic pressures, reducing this viscous stress and thereby allowing the dynamo to operate. We identify two distinct regimes of the fluctuation dynamo in a magnetized plasma: one in which these instabilities efficiently regulate the pressure anisotropy so that it does not venture much beyond the firehose and mirror instability thresholds, and one in which this regulation is imperfect. Using kinetic and Braginskii-MHD simulations and analytic theory, we elucidate the role of these kinetic instabilities on the plasma viscosity and determine how the fields and flows self-organize to allow the dynamo to operate in the face of parallel viscous stresses. In the case of efficient pressure-anisotropy regulation, the plasma dynamo closely resembles its more traditional ${\\rm Pm}\\gtrsim{1}$ MHD counterpart. When the regulation is imperfect, the dynamo exhibits characteristics remarkably similar to those found in the saturated state of the MHD dynamo. An analytical model for the latter regime is developed that exploits this similarity. The model predicts that the plasma dynamo ceases to operate if the ratio of field-aligned to field-perpendicular viscosities is too large, a behavior confirmed by numerical simulation. Leveraging these results, we construct a novel set of microphysical closures for fluid simulations that bridges these two regimes---one that exhibits explosive magnetic-field growth caused by a field-strength-dependent viscosity set by the firehose and mirror instabilities. The dynamo in both collisionless and weakly collisional plasmas are then closely compared to each other, revealing substantial differences in how sub-parallel viscous motions behave. The former (collisionless) scenario experiences a cascade of stretching motions to sub-Larmor scales that lead to increasingly fast dynamo as the magnetic Reynolds number is increased.
590 $a School code: 0181.
650 4 $a Plasma physics. $3 3175417
650 4 $a Astrophysics. $3 535904
653 $a Dynamos
653 $a Plasmas
653 $a Simulation
653 $a Turbulence
690 $a 0759
690 $a 0596
710 2 $a Princeton University. $b Astrophysical Sciences-Plasma Physics Program. $3 3437719
773 0 $t Dissertations Abstracts International $g 81-05B.
790 $a 0181
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2019
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=22587017