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Feeding in the Blood-gorging Bug Rho...

Bloom, Mark.

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Feeding in the Blood-gorging Bug Rhodnius prolixus: The Role of Sulfakinin Signaling.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Feeding in the Blood-gorging Bug Rhodnius prolixus: The Role of Sulfakinin Signaling./
作者:	Bloom, Mark.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	223 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-06, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-06B.
標題:	Endocrinology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13884512
ISBN:	9781392404393

Feeding in the Blood-gorging Bug Rhodnius prolixus: The Role of Sulfakinin Signaling.
Bloom, Mark.

Feeding in the Blood-gorging Bug Rhodnius prolixus: The Role of Sulfakinin Signaling. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 223 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-06, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto (Canada), 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Sulfakinins (SKs) are neuropeptides that have been shown to function as feeding satiety factors in insects. We confirmed the presence of two SKs (Rhopr-SK-1 and Rhopr-SK-2) in Rhodnius prolixus. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that the Rhopr-SK transcript is mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) in unfed fifth-instar R. prolixus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed transcript expression only in neurons in the brain. Immunohistochemical staining of SK-like peptides was observed in the same neurons in the brain and in processes extending throughout the CNS, as well as over the posterior midgut and anterior hindgut. Rhopr-SK-1 induced contractions of the hindgut in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on heartbeat frequency. Injection of Rhopr-SK-1 significantly decreased the overall size of the blood meal consumed, suggesting SK's role as a satiety factor in R. prolixus. Two seven-transmembrane Rhopr-SK G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), Rhopr-SKR-1 and Rhopr-SKR-2, were cloned and characterized. RT-qPCR of the two Rhopr-SKR transcripts revealed that the target tissues for Rhopr-SK-1 and Rhopr-SK-2 are located in the CNS, heart, gut, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, fat body, as well as, male and female reproductive systems. Rhopr-SK-1 inhibits contractions of the oviduct and ejaculatory duct in adult R. prolixus, whilst having no effect on contractions of the bursa. A functional receptor assay that utilized Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably expressing a modified cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel (HEK293/CNG) characterized the two Rhopr-SK receptors. Modified HEK293/CNG assays showed that the PLC/IP3 pathway, and not the cAMP pathway, is solely initiated upon the activation of either Rhopr-SK receptor. Nonsulfated Rhopr-SK-1 was not able to activate either Rhopr-SK receptor. Both Rhopr-SKRs were exclusively activated via Rhopr-SK-1 and Rhopr-SK-2. The importance of the SK signaling pathway in the modulation of feeding was demonstrated by the knockdown of the transcripts for Rhopr-SKs and Rhopr-SKRs, which led to an increase in the overall intake of blood during feeding.

ISBN: 9781392404393Subjects--Topical Terms:

610914
Endocrinology.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Chagas Disease

Feeding in the Blood-gorging Bug Rhodnius prolixus: The Role of Sulfakinin Signaling.
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520 $a Sulfakinins (SKs) are neuropeptides that have been shown to function as feeding satiety factors in insects. We confirmed the presence of two SKs (Rhopr-SK-1 and Rhopr-SK-2) in Rhodnius prolixus. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) demonstrated that the Rhopr-SK transcript is mainly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) in unfed fifth-instar R. prolixus. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed transcript expression only in neurons in the brain. Immunohistochemical staining of SK-like peptides was observed in the same neurons in the brain and in processes extending throughout the CNS, as well as over the posterior midgut and anterior hindgut. Rhopr-SK-1 induced contractions of the hindgut in a dose-dependent manner, but had no effect on heartbeat frequency. Injection of Rhopr-SK-1 significantly decreased the overall size of the blood meal consumed, suggesting SK's role as a satiety factor in R. prolixus. Two seven-transmembrane Rhopr-SK G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), Rhopr-SKR-1 and Rhopr-SKR-2, were cloned and characterized. RT-qPCR of the two Rhopr-SKR transcripts revealed that the target tissues for Rhopr-SK-1 and Rhopr-SK-2 are located in the CNS, heart, gut, salivary glands, Malpighian tubules, fat body, as well as, male and female reproductive systems. Rhopr-SK-1 inhibits contractions of the oviduct and ejaculatory duct in adult R. prolixus, whilst having no effect on contractions of the bursa. A functional receptor assay that utilized Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably expressing a modified cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel (HEK293/CNG) characterized the two Rhopr-SK receptors. Modified HEK293/CNG assays showed that the PLC/IP3 pathway, and not the cAMP pathway, is solely initiated upon the activation of either Rhopr-SK receptor. Nonsulfated Rhopr-SK-1 was not able to activate either Rhopr-SK receptor. Both Rhopr-SKRs were exclusively activated via Rhopr-SK-1 and Rhopr-SK-2. The importance of the SK signaling pathway in the modulation of feeding was demonstrated by the knockdown of the transcripts for Rhopr-SKs and Rhopr-SKRs, which led to an increase in the overall intake of blood during feeding.
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