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Household Air Pollution among Women Using Biomass Stoves in Honduras: Exposure Characterization and Associations with Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Markers of Systemic Inflammation.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Household Air Pollution among Women Using Biomass Stoves in Honduras: Exposure Characterization and Associations with Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Markers of Systemic Inflammation./
Author:	Benka-Coker, Megan Leigh.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	210 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-04B.
Subject:	Womens studies. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10839614
ISBN:	9780438406285

Household Air Pollution among Women Using Biomass Stoves in Honduras: Exposure Characterization and Associations with Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Markers of Systemic Inflammation.
Benka-Coker, Megan Leigh.

Household Air Pollution among Women Using Biomass Stoves in Honduras: Exposure Characterization and Associations with Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Markers of Systemic Inflammation. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 210 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Colorado State University, 2018.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

Background Nearly three billion people worldwide rely on solid fuels for cooking and heating (Bonjour et al. 2013). The incomplete combustion of solid fuels (i.e. within an open fire or traditional cookstove) often results in extremely high concentrations of air pollutants that have been linked to adverse health. These high pollutant exposures are estimated to cause over 2.5 million premature deaths and 77.2 million disability-adjusted life years in 2016; this largely preventable exposure is now estimated to be the 10th leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide (Gakidou et al. 2017). Despite these staggering estimates, robust, quantitative exposure assessment and epidemiologic evidence remains inadequate for understanding the association between household air pollution and disease risk. Objectives In this study, we sought to evaluate major gaps in the household air pollution literature: (i) a need to characterize the size distribution (fine and ultrafine particulate matter) and shorter-term concentrations and variability of household air pollution; most studies calculate a 24- or 48-hour average exposure (Northcross et al. 2015), (ii) a lack of direct exposure assessment in epidemiological household air pollution studies; many studies utilize a binary proxy for exposure such as fuel type (Thomas et al. 2015; Bruce et al. 2015) (iii) an absence of direct measurements of personal exposure for epidemiological models, and (iv) a need to identify and utilize biomarkers of health that are indicative of chronic disease risk. Chapter 1 describes background information relevant to the dissertation; Chapter 2 reviews the literature and Chapter 3 outlines the study design. Aim 1 (Chapter 4) was an evaluation of real-time concentrations of fine particulate matter less than 2.5 µg (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles among a sample of traditional biomass and cleaner-burning Justa stoves in rural Honduras. In Aims 2 and 3 (Chapters 5 and 6) we explored the cross-sectional association between household air pollution (direct kitchen and personal 24-hour measurements of particulate matter and black carbon) and biomarkers of airway (Chapter 5) and systemic inflammation (Chapter 6). Methods This dissertation utilized data from a cross-sectional field study of traditional biomass and cleaner-burning Justa biomass stove users in rural Honduras. The overall study population consisted of 150 female primary cooks, ages 25-56 years. For Aim 1, we utilized a subset of women from the study population to monitor exposure to real-time PM2.5 mass and ultrafine particle number concentration in real time. Monitors were placed in the kitchens of 47 women for a 24-hour monitoring period. In Aims 2 and 3, we measured kitchen and personal levels of PM2.5 (Triplex cyclone, SKC AirCheck pump, and 37-mm PFTE-coated glass fiber filters) and black carbon (Magee OT-21 transmissometer) for 24-hours. On the day following the household air pollution monitoring, we collected health measures from the participants; fractional exhaled nitric oxide was collected as a marker of airway inflammation (NIOX Mino; Aeorcine AB, Sweden), (Chapter 5) while finger-prick dried blood spots were collected for biomarkers of systemic inflammation (Chapter 6). We explored effect modification of the adjusted associations between household air pollution and airway and systemic markers of inflammation, as well as effect modification of the associations by risk factors associated with cardiovascular chronic disease risk. Results Our study of real-time household air pollution concentrations (Aim 1, Chapter 4) demonstrated that on average, kitchen concentrations of PM2.5 among women who owned traditional stoves (297 µg/m 3; SD: 417 µg/m3) were higher compared to Justa stove owners (69 µg/m3; SD: 50 µg/m3) (Wilcox rank sum test, p = 0.07). Ultrafine particle number concentration was also lower in the kitchens with improved Justa cookstoves (9.1x104 pt/cm 3; SD: 6.9x104 pt/cm3) compared to kitchens with traditional cookstoves (1.3x105 pt/cm3; SD: 1.1x105 pt/cm3) (Wilcox rank sum, p = 0.76). The Spearman correlation between the full sample of 24-hour average ultrafine concentration and 24-hour average PM2.5 was 0.73 (N=24), however correlations by stove type were high among kitchens with traditional stoves (r=0.91), but only moderate among Justa stoves (r=0.55). The use of real-time monitors confirmed that the 24-hour average concentrations of PM2.5 and ultrafine particle number concentration (PNC) were highly variable over the course of the monitoring period. The maximum values of various averaging windows (1-minute, 5-minute, 15-minute, and 60-minute) were highly correlated with the 24-hour averages for both PM2.5 and PNC. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

ISBN: 9780438406285Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122688
Womens studies.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Justa biomass stove

Household Air Pollution among Women Using Biomass Stoves in Honduras: Exposure Characterization and Associations with Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Markers of Systemic Inflammation.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Colorado State University, 2018.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Background Nearly three billion people worldwide rely on solid fuels for cooking and heating (Bonjour et al. 2013). The incomplete combustion of solid fuels (i.e. within an open fire or traditional cookstove) often results in extremely high concentrations of air pollutants that have been linked to adverse health. These high pollutant exposures are estimated to cause over 2.5 million premature deaths and 77.2 million disability-adjusted life years in 2016; this largely preventable exposure is now estimated to be the 10th leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide (Gakidou et al. 2017). Despite these staggering estimates, robust, quantitative exposure assessment and epidemiologic evidence remains inadequate for understanding the association between household air pollution and disease risk. Objectives In this study, we sought to evaluate major gaps in the household air pollution literature: (i) a need to characterize the size distribution (fine and ultrafine particulate matter) and shorter-term concentrations and variability of household air pollution; most studies calculate a 24- or 48-hour average exposure (Northcross et al. 2015), (ii) a lack of direct exposure assessment in epidemiological household air pollution studies; many studies utilize a binary proxy for exposure such as fuel type (Thomas et al. 2015; Bruce et al. 2015) (iii) an absence of direct measurements of personal exposure for epidemiological models, and (iv) a need to identify and utilize biomarkers of health that are indicative of chronic disease risk. Chapter 1 describes background information relevant to the dissertation; Chapter 2 reviews the literature and Chapter 3 outlines the study design. Aim 1 (Chapter 4) was an evaluation of real-time concentrations of fine particulate matter less than 2.5 µg (PM2.5) and ultrafine particles among a sample of traditional biomass and cleaner-burning Justa stoves in rural Honduras. In Aims 2 and 3 (Chapters 5 and 6) we explored the cross-sectional association between household air pollution (direct kitchen and personal 24-hour measurements of particulate matter and black carbon) and biomarkers of airway (Chapter 5) and systemic inflammation (Chapter 6). Methods This dissertation utilized data from a cross-sectional field study of traditional biomass and cleaner-burning Justa biomass stove users in rural Honduras. The overall study population consisted of 150 female primary cooks, ages 25-56 years. For Aim 1, we utilized a subset of women from the study population to monitor exposure to real-time PM2.5 mass and ultrafine particle number concentration in real time. Monitors were placed in the kitchens of 47 women for a 24-hour monitoring period. In Aims 2 and 3, we measured kitchen and personal levels of PM2.5 (Triplex cyclone, SKC AirCheck pump, and 37-mm PFTE-coated glass fiber filters) and black carbon (Magee OT-21 transmissometer) for 24-hours. On the day following the household air pollution monitoring, we collected health measures from the participants; fractional exhaled nitric oxide was collected as a marker of airway inflammation (NIOX Mino; Aeorcine AB, Sweden), (Chapter 5) while finger-prick dried blood spots were collected for biomarkers of systemic inflammation (Chapter 6). We explored effect modification of the adjusted associations between household air pollution and airway and systemic markers of inflammation, as well as effect modification of the associations by risk factors associated with cardiovascular chronic disease risk. Results Our study of real-time household air pollution concentrations (Aim 1, Chapter 4) demonstrated that on average, kitchen concentrations of PM2.5 among women who owned traditional stoves (297 µg/m 3; SD: 417 µg/m3) were higher compared to Justa stove owners (69 µg/m3; SD: 50 µg/m3) (Wilcox rank sum test, p = 0.07). Ultrafine particle number concentration was also lower in the kitchens with improved Justa cookstoves (9.1x104 pt/cm 3; SD: 6.9x104 pt/cm3) compared to kitchens with traditional cookstoves (1.3x105 pt/cm3; SD: 1.1x105 pt/cm3) (Wilcox rank sum, p = 0.76). The Spearman correlation between the full sample of 24-hour average ultrafine concentration and 24-hour average PM2.5 was 0.73 (N=24), however correlations by stove type were high among kitchens with traditional stoves (r=0.91), but only moderate among Justa stoves (r=0.55). The use of real-time monitors confirmed that the 24-hour average concentrations of PM2.5 and ultrafine particle number concentration (PNC) were highly variable over the course of the monitoring period. The maximum values of various averaging windows (1-minute, 5-minute, 15-minute, and 60-minute) were highly correlated with the 24-hour averages for both PM2.5 and PNC. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
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