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NIH Grants Expansion, Ancestral Dive...

Fu, Wei.

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NIH Grants Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genetic Research.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	NIH Grants Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genetic Research./
Author:	Fu, Wei.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	132 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-12.
Subject:	Economics. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27961896
ISBN:	9798643198352

NIH Grants Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genetic Research.
Fu, Wei.

NIH Grants Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genetic Research. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 132 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Lehigh University, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This dissertation intends to quantify the impact of an unexpected and indiscriminate expansion in NIH grants due to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 on the scientific development in a newly emerging biomedical field, the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). We especially investigate the role of public grant in shaping the GWAS domain in terms of the ancestral disparity in participants in genetic testing, the cross-ancestry collaboration pattern among the scientists, and the disease-associated genetic variant discoveries. Our empirical analysis draws on a Difference-in-Difference model (DID), taking advantage of the variations in the timing of the ARRA-NIH grants expansion and the variations in the relative referral base for the minority subjects, which is the ancestral difference in the share of people with medical conditions for each broad disease research field in GWAS. Our analysis provides evidence on the importance of financing scientific research concentrating on the under-represented populations. We find that disease research with larger relative referral base for the minority obtains improved access to public financial support thanks to the ARRA-NIH grants expansion. One percentage point increase in the relative referral base contributes to an increase of approximately 3.21 percentage points in the share of ARRA-NIH Supported studies. Besides, the ancestral diversity among the GWAS subjects is significantly improved: an increase of approximately 2.93 percentage points, which is about 66.5% increase with reference to the mean diversity in the pre-policy period, can be attributed to one percentage point increase in the relative referral base. Our empirical analysis shows the ARRA-NIH grants expansion not only contributes to the entry of minority authorships into genomics study but also expands the academic network by introducing more cross-ancestry collaborations. Specifically, one percentage point increase in relative referral base for the minority significantly results in approximately 1.2 percentage points or 3.3% increase in the share of active minority authorships. Besides, the ARRA-NIH grants expansion remarkably increases the white-minority collaborations. We also find that the increasing ancestral diversity in authorships is strongly and positively correlated with the increasing ancestral diversity in the subjects. The ARRA-NIH grants expansion also boosts the genetic discoveries in GWAS research. We carefully specify the SNP-Disease associations from minority-based GWAS studies to measure the scientific outcome. We find that the number of minority-based SNP-Disease associations grows by approximately 2.9 as a consequence of one percentage point increase in the relative referral base. The strong and positive correlation between ancestral diversity in subjects and SNP-Disease association discovery implies that the inclusion of diverse ancestries is of importance for the scientific advance in genetic research.

ISBN: 9798643198352Subjects--Topical Terms:

517137
Economics.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Ancestral diversity

NIH Grants Expansion, Ancestral Diversity and Scientific Discovery in Genetic Research.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12.
500 $a Advisor: Chou, Shin-Yi.
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506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a This dissertation intends to quantify the impact of an unexpected and indiscriminate expansion in NIH grants due to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 on the scientific development in a newly emerging biomedical field, the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). We especially investigate the role of public grant in shaping the GWAS domain in terms of the ancestral disparity in participants in genetic testing, the cross-ancestry collaboration pattern among the scientists, and the disease-associated genetic variant discoveries. Our empirical analysis draws on a Difference-in-Difference model (DID), taking advantage of the variations in the timing of the ARRA-NIH grants expansion and the variations in the relative referral base for the minority subjects, which is the ancestral difference in the share of people with medical conditions for each broad disease research field in GWAS. Our analysis provides evidence on the importance of financing scientific research concentrating on the under-represented populations. We find that disease research with larger relative referral base for the minority obtains improved access to public financial support thanks to the ARRA-NIH grants expansion. One percentage point increase in the relative referral base contributes to an increase of approximately 3.21 percentage points in the share of ARRA-NIH Supported studies. Besides, the ancestral diversity among the GWAS subjects is significantly improved: an increase of approximately 2.93 percentage points, which is about 66.5% increase with reference to the mean diversity in the pre-policy period, can be attributed to one percentage point increase in the relative referral base. Our empirical analysis shows the ARRA-NIH grants expansion not only contributes to the entry of minority authorships into genomics study but also expands the academic network by introducing more cross-ancestry collaborations. Specifically, one percentage point increase in relative referral base for the minority significantly results in approximately 1.2 percentage points or 3.3% increase in the share of active minority authorships. Besides, the ARRA-NIH grants expansion remarkably increases the white-minority collaborations. We also find that the increasing ancestral diversity in authorships is strongly and positively correlated with the increasing ancestral diversity in the subjects. The ARRA-NIH grants expansion also boosts the genetic discoveries in GWAS research. We carefully specify the SNP-Disease associations from minority-based GWAS studies to measure the scientific outcome. We find that the number of minority-based SNP-Disease associations grows by approximately 2.9 as a consequence of one percentage point increase in the relative referral base. The strong and positive correlation between ancestral diversity in subjects and SNP-Disease association discovery implies that the inclusion of diverse ancestries is of importance for the scientific advance in genetic research.
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653 $a Ancestral diversity
653 $a ARRA
653 $a Genetics
653 $a NIH fund
653 $a SNP-disease associations
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