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Mycotoxin Exposures in Children.

Wangia, Ruth Nabwire.

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Mycotoxin Exposures in Children.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Mycotoxin Exposures in Children./
Author:	Wangia, Ruth Nabwire.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2020,
Description:	384 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International81-12B.
Subject:	Environmental health. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=27743796
ISBN:	9798645487768

Mycotoxin Exposures in Children.
Wangia, Ruth Nabwire.

Mycotoxin Exposures in Children. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2020 - 384 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 81-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Georgia, 2020.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium fungi. Even though more than 400 mycotoxins have been identified, Aflatoxins (AFs) and Fumonisins (FNs) are highly toxic with significant public health implications. The International Agency on Research Cancer classified Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) as Group I carcinogens and Fumonisins B1(FB1) as Group IIB, possibly carcinogenic to humans. More than 25% of the world's food supply is contaminated including cereals,legumes, oilseeds, nuts, milk and meat products, spices, coffee, and tea. The recommended maximum limit for total AFs and FNs in foods is 20 μg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively. Up to 4.5 billion people are exposed through dietary staples and in occupational settings. This dissertation study seeks to assess AFs and FNs exposure among children 6 - 12years using biomarkers. AFB1-lysine adducts, urinary free FB1 and sphingolipids are validated biomarkers for AFs and FNs exposure quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Participants were recruited from Kenyan counties of Siaya and Makueni where naturally co-occurrence of Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi is documented. All children had detectable levels of AFB1-lysine adducts in sera, geometric mean (GM) 10.5 (95%CI 9.4 - 11.7) and range 0.65 - 518.9 pg/mg albumin. Makueni county children had higher exposures, GM 14.0 (95%CI 12.5, 15.7) pg/mg albumin, and Siaya's 8.2 (95%CI 7.6, 8.8) pg/mg albumin, p<0.001. Children were also exposed to fumonisins. The GM of urinary FB1 when adjusted for creatinine levels were 0.07 ng/mg for Siaya and slightly higher in Makueni at 0.08 ng/mg, p-value > 0.05. Additionally, Sphinganine and Sphingosine were detectable in 95.07% and 98.94% of the urine samples. Creatinine adjusted mean±SD of Sphinganine and Sphingosine were 1.23±2.18nM, and 4.99±8.3nM while the Sphinganine/Sphingosine ratio was 0.296±0.587. After adjusting for demographic information, socio-economic indicators, farming practices, and household dietary patterns, children with higher AFB1- lysine adducts and urinary FB1 were more likely to suffer from growth impairments. Overall, dietary exposure to mycotoxins is a public health issue and efforts geared towards mitigating exposure in children are imperative in regions where corn and peanuts are staple diets.

ISBN: 9798645487768Subjects--Topical Terms:

543032
Environmental health.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Adverse health outcomes

Mycotoxin Exposures in Children.
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520 $a Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium fungi. Even though more than 400 mycotoxins have been identified, Aflatoxins (AFs) and Fumonisins (FNs) are highly toxic with significant public health implications. The International Agency on Research Cancer classified Aflatoxin B1(AFB1) as Group I carcinogens and Fumonisins B1(FB1) as Group IIB, possibly carcinogenic to humans. More than 25% of the world's food supply is contaminated including cereals,legumes, oilseeds, nuts, milk and meat products, spices, coffee, and tea. The recommended maximum limit for total AFs and FNs in foods is 20 μg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively. Up to 4.5 billion people are exposed through dietary staples and in occupational settings. This dissertation study seeks to assess AFs and FNs exposure among children 6 - 12years using biomarkers. AFB1-lysine adducts, urinary free FB1 and sphingolipids are validated biomarkers for AFs and FNs exposure quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Participants were recruited from Kenyan counties of Siaya and Makueni where naturally co-occurrence of Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi is documented. All children had detectable levels of AFB1-lysine adducts in sera, geometric mean (GM) 10.5 (95%CI 9.4 - 11.7) and range 0.65 - 518.9 pg/mg albumin. Makueni county children had higher exposures, GM 14.0 (95%CI 12.5, 15.7) pg/mg albumin, and Siaya's 8.2 (95%CI 7.6, 8.8) pg/mg albumin, p<0.001. Children were also exposed to fumonisins. The GM of urinary FB1 when adjusted for creatinine levels were 0.07 ng/mg for Siaya and slightly higher in Makueni at 0.08 ng/mg, p-value > 0.05. Additionally, Sphinganine and Sphingosine were detectable in 95.07% and 98.94% of the urine samples. Creatinine adjusted mean±SD of Sphinganine and Sphingosine were 1.23±2.18nM, and 4.99±8.3nM while the Sphinganine/Sphingosine ratio was 0.296±0.587. After adjusting for demographic information, socio-economic indicators, farming practices, and household dietary patterns, children with higher AFB1- lysine adducts and urinary FB1 were more likely to suffer from growth impairments. Overall, dietary exposure to mycotoxins is a public health issue and efforts geared towards mitigating exposure in children are imperative in regions where corn and peanuts are staple diets.
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