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"Frontiers of freedom": The African ...

Taylor, Nikki Marie.

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"Frontiers of freedom": The African American experience in Cincinnati, 1802-1862.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	"Frontiers of freedom": The African American experience in Cincinnati, 1802-1862./
Author:	Taylor, Nikki Marie.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2001,
Description:	329 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 63-09, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International63-09A.
Subject:	American history. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3030247
ISBN:	9780493426761

"Frontiers of freedom": The African American experience in Cincinnati, 1802-1862.
Taylor, Nikki Marie.

"Frontiers of freedom": The African American experience in Cincinnati, 1802-1862. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2001 - 329 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 63-09, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2001.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

"I thought upon coming to a free State like Ohio, that I would find every door thrown open to receive me, but from the treatment I received by the people generally, I found it little better than in Virginia...Thus I found every door closed against the colored man in a free State, excepting jails and penitentiaries, the doors of which were thrown wide open to receive him."1 These are the words of John Malvin, a freed slave who migrated from Virginia to Cincinnati in 1827. He settled in the city at the height of the population swell in the city, undoubtedly drawn by the promise of social and economic freedom. Cincinnati was a town with competing identities: geographically northern, economically and culturally southern, with economic aspirations in the expanding American West. These identities shaped a unique urban condition for blacks that was marked by mob violence, proscription, and legislative assaults. '"Frontiers of Freedom:' The Black Experience in Cincinnati, 1802-62," examines the emergence of this free black community within this context. The study is framed between the Ohio Constitution's denial of citizenship rights for African Americans and the impressment of African American men into the Union Army during the Civil War. These events illustrate how black citizenship was contested throughout the era. More important than simply revisiting how unfree African Americans were in antebellum Cincinnati, this study examines this community's journey to self-determination. African Americans employed numerous strategies to expand the frontiers of freedom, including institution-building, mutuality, spiritual and intellectual enhancement, and agitation for the repeal of repressive laws. When that was not enough, the community built coalitions with other black communities, sought alliances with local abolitionists, assisted fugitive slaves to freedom, or emigrated to cooperative settlements. Of the myriad of strategies, education was, by far, the most important. Cincinnati's black community sustained a battle for public education for two decades. Thus, in Cincinnati the school was the predominant black institution, unlike other black communities in the north where the black church was the most important institution. Cincinnati's black community moved from alienation and vulnerability in the 1820's toward political self-respect by the 1840's. Each battle the community waged and won encouraged its maturation by 1841. In 1841, black Cincinnati united in defense of their homes and property against mob violence. At that moment, African Americans demonstrated that they believed they had a right to be in Cincinnati. No longer willing to allow conditions or violence to force them from the city, African Americans stood their ground. In the ensuing years this community moved toward self-actualization by successfully lobbying to dismantle disabling laws and building stable institutions. 1John Malvin, Autobiography of John Malvin, A Narrative (Cleveland: Leader Printing Company, 1879), 39-40.

ISBN: 9780493426761Subjects--Topical Terms:

2122692
American history.
Subjects--Index Terms:

African-Americans

"Frontiers of freedom": The African American experience in Cincinnati, 1802-1862.
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500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 63-09, Section: A.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duke University, 2001.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
520 $a "I thought upon coming to a free State like Ohio, that I would find every door thrown open to receive me, but from the treatment I received by the people generally, I found it little better than in Virginia...Thus I found every door closed against the colored man in a free State, excepting jails and penitentiaries, the doors of which were thrown wide open to receive him."1 These are the words of John Malvin, a freed slave who migrated from Virginia to Cincinnati in 1827. He settled in the city at the height of the population swell in the city, undoubtedly drawn by the promise of social and economic freedom. Cincinnati was a town with competing identities: geographically northern, economically and culturally southern, with economic aspirations in the expanding American West. These identities shaped a unique urban condition for blacks that was marked by mob violence, proscription, and legislative assaults. '"Frontiers of Freedom:' The Black Experience in Cincinnati, 1802-62," examines the emergence of this free black community within this context. The study is framed between the Ohio Constitution's denial of citizenship rights for African Americans and the impressment of African American men into the Union Army during the Civil War. These events illustrate how black citizenship was contested throughout the era. More important than simply revisiting how unfree African Americans were in antebellum Cincinnati, this study examines this community's journey to self-determination. African Americans employed numerous strategies to expand the frontiers of freedom, including institution-building, mutuality, spiritual and intellectual enhancement, and agitation for the repeal of repressive laws. When that was not enough, the community built coalitions with other black communities, sought alliances with local abolitionists, assisted fugitive slaves to freedom, or emigrated to cooperative settlements. Of the myriad of strategies, education was, by far, the most important. Cincinnati's black community sustained a battle for public education for two decades. Thus, in Cincinnati the school was the predominant black institution, unlike other black communities in the north where the black church was the most important institution. Cincinnati's black community moved from alienation and vulnerability in the 1820's toward political self-respect by the 1840's. Each battle the community waged and won encouraged its maturation by 1841. In 1841, black Cincinnati united in defense of their homes and property against mob violence. At that moment, African Americans demonstrated that they believed they had a right to be in Cincinnati. No longer willing to allow conditions or violence to force them from the city, African Americans stood their ground. In the ensuing years this community moved toward self-actualization by successfully lobbying to dismantle disabling laws and building stable institutions. 1John Malvin, Autobiography of John Malvin, A Narrative (Cleveland: Leader Printing Company, 1879), 39-40.
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