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Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growt...

Mendez, Joslyn Elisa.

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Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growth, Gastrointestinal Development and Intestinal Mucin Production in Pre-Weaning Calf.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growth, Gastrointestinal Development and Intestinal Mucin Production in Pre-Weaning Calf./
Author:	Mendez, Joslyn Elisa.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	77 p.
Notes:	Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04.
Contained By:	Masters Abstracts International81-04.
Subject:	Agriculture. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13807167
ISBN:	9781085787970

Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growth, Gastrointestinal Development and Intestinal Mucin Production in Pre-Weaning Calf.
Mendez, Joslyn Elisa.

Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growth, Gastrointestinal Development and Intestinal Mucin Production in Pre-Weaning Calf. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 77 p.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Davis, 2019.

This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

The integrity of the intestinal mucus is extremely important to neonates whose immune system is not fully developed. In the dairy industry, calf morbidity and mortality are highly associated with attributed to scours/diarrhea caused by intestinal upset or enteric infections. The mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is made from highly glycosylated proteins (mucin) that act as the first line of defense along the tract. The mucins contributing to the mucosal layers form a gel-like substance that acts as a physical barrier between pathogenic bacteria and the epithelial cells of the GIT. It is suggested that diet can affect the integrity of this mucosal layer. Feeding a calf with greater milk (18 to 20% of BW) to enhance pre-weaning growth has been increasingly adopted by dairy producers as opposed to conventional low milk feeding rate (~10 to 12% of BW) which aimed to increase dry feed consumption and stimulate rumen development at an earlier age. The impact of milk feeding rate on intestinal mucin production has not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the effects of milk replacer (MR) feeding rates on growth, intestinal development, and intestinal mucin production in pre-weaning dairy calves. Nineteen Jersey bull calves (2-5 d of age; 31.08 ± 2.73 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of the dietary treatments: 1) low milk feeding (Low; n = 10): calves were fed at 10% BW on d 1-3, then 12% of BW on d 4-27, or 2) high milk feeding (High, n = 9): calves were fed at 15% of BW for d 1-3 then 20% of BW. Calves were housed in individual pens bedded with rice hulls. The milk replacer contained 22.5% protein (milk-based protein source) and 26% fat. As expected, calves of the High group consumed more milk replacer throughout the trial than the Low treatment group (P < 0.001). Starter grain was provided on d 8. There after, calves of the Low group consumed more grain than calves of High group (P < 0.001; 108.6 g/d vs. 22.3 g/d). Water intakes were not different between the two groups throughout the trial (P > 0.05). Overall feed efficiency was greater for the High group on both metabolizable energy and digestible protein (P < 0.001) basis. However, after d 14, there was no difference in feed efficiency for metabolizable energy or protein (P > 0.05) based. There was a significant interaction between treatment and time (week) on BW (P < 0.001). In contrast, there was an effect of treatment for ADG (P 0.05), with the High group consistently having greater ADG throughout the trial. While hip width, heart girth, and hip height were statistically higher (P = 0.049, 0.032, 0.014, respectively) for calves in the High group than those in the Low group, body length and wither height were not different between the two groups (P < 0.10). Intestinal samples were taken at the jejunum, ileum, and colon at the conclusion of the trial and used for further investigation. At the jejunum, crypt area was found the be significantly larger in High group compared to low group calves (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between milk replacer intake and crypt area of the jejunum (r = 0.65, P = 0.02). Goblet cell density within the crypts was not different between the treatment group at any site of the intestines (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between grain consumption and crypt area or goblet cell density at any site of the intestines. No correlation between milk replacer intake and crypt area was not seen at the ileum or colon. In summary, increasing milk replacer intake improves growth in pre-weaning calves and may have an effect on intestinal maturation at the jejunum.

ISBN: 9781085787970Subjects--Topical Terms:

518588
Agriculture.
Subjects--Index Terms:

Dairy

Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growth, Gastrointestinal Development and Intestinal Mucin Production in Pre-Weaning Calf.
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245 1 0 $a Effect of Milk Feeding Rate on Growth, Gastrointestinal Development and Intestinal Mucin Production in Pre-Weaning Calf.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2019
300 $a 77 p.
500 $a Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 81-04.
500 $a Advisor: Ji, Peng.
502 $a Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, Davis, 2019.
506 $a This item is not available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a The integrity of the intestinal mucus is extremely important to neonates whose immune system is not fully developed. In the dairy industry, calf morbidity and mortality are highly associated with attributed to scours/diarrhea caused by intestinal upset or enteric infections. The mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is made from highly glycosylated proteins (mucin) that act as the first line of defense along the tract. The mucins contributing to the mucosal layers form a gel-like substance that acts as a physical barrier between pathogenic bacteria and the epithelial cells of the GIT. It is suggested that diet can affect the integrity of this mucosal layer. Feeding a calf with greater milk (18 to 20% of BW) to enhance pre-weaning growth has been increasingly adopted by dairy producers as opposed to conventional low milk feeding rate (~10 to 12% of BW) which aimed to increase dry feed consumption and stimulate rumen development at an earlier age. The impact of milk feeding rate on intestinal mucin production has not been studied. In the present study, we investigated the effects of milk replacer (MR) feeding rates on growth, intestinal development, and intestinal mucin production in pre-weaning dairy calves. Nineteen Jersey bull calves (2-5 d of age; 31.08 ± 2.73 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of the dietary treatments: 1) low milk feeding (Low; n = 10): calves were fed at 10% BW on d 1-3, then 12% of BW on d 4-27, or 2) high milk feeding (High, n = 9): calves were fed at 15% of BW for d 1-3 then 20% of BW. Calves were housed in individual pens bedded with rice hulls. The milk replacer contained 22.5% protein (milk-based protein source) and 26% fat. As expected, calves of the High group consumed more milk replacer throughout the trial than the Low treatment group (P < 0.001). Starter grain was provided on d 8. There after, calves of the Low group consumed more grain than calves of High group (P < 0.001; 108.6 g/d vs. 22.3 g/d). Water intakes were not different between the two groups throughout the trial (P > 0.05). Overall feed efficiency was greater for the High group on both metabolizable energy and digestible protein (P < 0.001) basis. However, after d 14, there was no difference in feed efficiency for metabolizable energy or protein (P > 0.05) based. There was a significant interaction between treatment and time (week) on BW (P < 0.001). In contrast, there was an effect of treatment for ADG (P 0.05), with the High group consistently having greater ADG throughout the trial. While hip width, heart girth, and hip height were statistically higher (P = 0.049, 0.032, 0.014, respectively) for calves in the High group than those in the Low group, body length and wither height were not different between the two groups (P < 0.10). Intestinal samples were taken at the jejunum, ileum, and colon at the conclusion of the trial and used for further investigation. At the jejunum, crypt area was found the be significantly larger in High group compared to low group calves (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between milk replacer intake and crypt area of the jejunum (r = 0.65, P = 0.02). Goblet cell density within the crypts was not different between the treatment group at any site of the intestines (P > 0.05). No correlation was found between grain consumption and crypt area or goblet cell density at any site of the intestines. No correlation between milk replacer intake and crypt area was not seen at the ileum or colon. In summary, increasing milk replacer intake improves growth in pre-weaning calves and may have an effect on intestinal maturation at the jejunum.
590 $a School code: 0029.
650 4 $a Agriculture. $3 518588
650 4 $a Animal sciences. $3 3174829
653 $a Dairy
653 $a Feed rate
653 $a Milk replacer
653 $a Mucin
653 $a Pre-weaning
653 $a Starter grain
690 $a 0473
690 $a 0475
710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $b Animal Biology. $3 1669099
773 0 $t Masters Abstracts International $g 81-04.
790 $a 0029
791 $a M.S.
792 $a 2019
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13807167