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Psychophysiological Markers of Trauma: Investigating the Absence of Vagal Brake in Veterans with a History of Interpersonal Trauma.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Psychophysiological Markers of Trauma: Investigating the Absence of Vagal Brake in Veterans with a History of Interpersonal Trauma./
作者:	Guiles, Robert Arthur Farrior.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
面頁冊數:	187 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-08, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-08B.
標題:	Social psychology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13427683
ISBN:	9780438831919

Psychophysiological Markers of Trauma: Investigating the Absence of Vagal Brake in Veterans with a History of Interpersonal Trauma.
Guiles, Robert Arthur Farrior.

Psychophysiological Markers of Trauma: Investigating the Absence of Vagal Brake in Veterans with a History of Interpersonal Trauma. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 187 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-08, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Alliant International University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Little research exists on the relationship between Interpersonal Trauma (IPT) history and vagal tone, and none in a veteran sample. IPT may be experienced in many different forms which include all the following but are not limited to child abuse, sexual assault, and intimate partner violence. Prior research indicates that individuals with IPT histories may have a lower threshold to express sympathetically-mediated behaviors in response to stress (Dale et. al., 2009). Biological models of trauma underscore the increased sensitivity to the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), in particular, an elevated Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and attenuated Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) compared to non-traumatized populations. The relationship between the SNS and PNS outputs is reflected in the beat-to-beat variations, with higher Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) being generally indicative of a healthy and reactive response to a stressor or threat. Conversely, lower HRV is generally associated with poorer outcomes regarding reactivity and behavioral flexibility, especially in those instances where the immediate and appropriate response to environmental demands is required (Sahar, Shalev & Porges, 2001; Thayer & Lane, 2000). The metabolic demands of exercise require a physiological adjustment that mimics the physiological states associated with the SNS. In contrast, the PNS acts on the heart to restore homeostasis by the vagal nerve, which acts as a braking system. Studying the relationship between the presence or absence of a natural vagal brake response in IPT survivors may help identify important modifiable self-regulatory systems that can be targets in treatment development efforts. Twenty-five male and female veteran participants receiving treatment at a Veterans Affairs (VA) specialty clinic for posttraumatic distress related to IPT completed a pre- and post-treatment physiological assessment. Autonomic regulation was measured by non-invasive biofeedback instruments and HRV physiological data was collected before and after the participant rode a stationary recumbent bike for the approximate distance of one mile. This study aimed to replicate prior research findings on ANS functioning and trauma history relative to a normative HRV sample (Nunan et. al, 2011), by investigating whether IPT history impacts the necessary physiological response strategies (i.e. vagal tone) available to return to a calm state following a non-threatening situation as well as evaluating the extent to which pre- to post-treatment changes in HRV predict therapeutic outcomes with regard to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms. As predicted, in the pre-treatment phase of the study the results replicated prior research to show that the IPT veteran sample demonstrated a higher baseline resting heart-rate and lower vagal tone compared to a normative HRV sample (Nunan et. al, 2011). The hypothesis that pre-treatment baseline HRV scores would be associated with symptom reduction at post-treatment was not supported; however, the third hypothesis was partially supported in that a pre- to post-treatment decrease in baseline HRV scores would be associated with a decrease in post-treatment assessment outcomes. The fourth hypothesis that trauma survivors' HRV recovery scores would increase following mild sympathetic activation and not successfully return to baseline HRV values in a five-minute recovery period was supported. The fifth hypothesis predicted that pre-treatment HRV vagal recovery following mild exercise pre-treatment would be positively associated with pre- to post-treatment outcomes was not supported. Finally, the sixth hypothesis that projected pre- to post-treatment improvements in HRV vagal recovery following exercise predicted improvements in therapeutic outcomes as reflected in the change scores of the symptom measures was partially supported. A failure to detect an absence in the vagal brake resulted in an intriguing discovery regarding autonomic flexibility and the influence of trauma-focused treatments in the autonomic restoration process. The relationship of improved autonomic flexibility (i.e. HRV recovery) to each of the trauma-focused treatment variables suggests that ANS restoration may be an important variable to consider for future areas of research. Replication studies and an increase in sample size may help to better elucidate possible psychophysiological relationships that exist between changes in ANS functioning and symptom improvement in a veteran population.

ISBN: 9780438831919Subjects--Topical Terms:

520219
Social psychology.

Psychophysiological Markers of Trauma: Investigating the Absence of Vagal Brake in Veterans with a History of Interpersonal Trauma.
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