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Seasonal Variation of Chemistry, Hydrology, and Macroinvertebrate Communities within Acid Mine Drainage Streams.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Seasonal Variation of Chemistry, Hydrology, and Macroinvertebrate Communities within Acid Mine Drainage Streams./
Author:	Thrush Hood, Mariah A.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2019,
Description:	169 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-12B.
Subject:	Biology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=13917667
ISBN:	9781392298404

Seasonal Variation of Chemistry, Hydrology, and Macroinvertebrate Communities within Acid Mine Drainage Streams.
Thrush Hood, Mariah A.

Seasonal Variation of Chemistry, Hydrology, and Macroinvertebrate Communities within Acid Mine Drainage Streams. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2019 - 169 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, 2019.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Streams in southeastern Ohio are affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) as a result of historical and present-day mining; effluents from mining sources contribute to elevated acidity and metals loadings within impaired streams. Remediation efforts in the area have been successful in lowering acid and metals concentrations in impaired streams, and biological recovery has been tracked and documented for the past decade. Macroinvertebrate communities in these streams are also influenced by other factors, including hydrological conditions, especially floods and droughts. These two stressors (AMD and hydrology) can have interactive affects that could harm macroinvertebrate communities within impaired streams to varying degrees. I analyzed seven years of data from macroinvertebrate communities within AMD impaired streams, streams that have recovered as a result of remediation projects, and reference unimpaired streams to detect any patterns in variation related to AMD condition and hydrological regime. I found that impaired sites supported fewer macroinvertebrate taxa; abundances were markedly lower. The greatest seasonal variation in AMD chemical stressor intensity occurred at impaired sites during low flow in summer and fall. Recovered and unimpaired sites also experienced lower pH and increased conductivity at low flow, but conditions were not as severe. Impaired stream sites that experienced a wide range of chemical variation also had larger coefficients of variation around annual biotic indices. Recovered and unimpaired reference sites exhibited less chemical variation, and the macroinvertebrate communities had greater persistence and stability than impaired sites. Stability and persistence of the macroinvertebrate community were influenced more by AMD than hydrological events. Abundance and richness were significantly higher in hydrologically wet years than in mid-range and drought years. Drought did not appear to exacerbate AMD effects.Episodic events of increased acidity or metals occur in other AMD impaired streams across the globe, so I recorded continuous chemical data in sites along a gradient of impairment to detect any episodic events and to understand the overall relationship between discharge and chemical concentration. No episodic events were detected; in most instances, dilution mechanisms were driving the AMD chemistry-discharge relationship. I also examined the interactive effect of seasonal and annual hydrology and AMD on macroinvertebrate community compositions. Impaired communities exhibited a wide range of variation in community composition, while composition in recovered and unimpaired communities was significantly less variable. AMD strongly structured the communities, while hydrological conditions appeared to have less effect. I was unable to identify any indicator taxa of specific AMD or hydrological conditions, but this may be due to additional factors such as other land-use and nutrient concentrations. To understand the discrete effects of a flood event on AMD impaired, recovered, and unimpaired macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities, I experimentally disturbed the stream substrate and tracked biotic recovery for 30 days. I found that both macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities were resistant and resilient to the disturbance across all AMD conditions, though macroinvertebrate abundance in recovered and unimpaired sites were faster to recover than impaired sites. Periphyton communities in recovered streams were slightly but significantly slower to recover than those in unimpaired streams, suggesting there may be some occasional chemical stress in recovered streams that affects the periphyton, but not the macroinvertebrates. The results of my dissertation suggest that AMD strongly structures the macroinvertebrate communities, while communities are usually robust against any interactions between AMD and hydrological disturbances. Communities within impaired streams have a wide range of variation, most likely due to more sensitive species entering but not permanently colonizing these streams. Recovered communities are similar to unimpaired communities most of the time, indicating that chemical concentrations are not harmful to the stream inhabitants, even in extremely low- or high-discharge conditions.

ISBN: 9781392298404Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.

Seasonal Variation of Chemistry, Hydrology, and Macroinvertebrate Communities within Acid Mine Drainage Streams.
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520 $a Streams in southeastern Ohio are affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) as a result of historical and present-day mining; effluents from mining sources contribute to elevated acidity and metals loadings within impaired streams. Remediation efforts in the area have been successful in lowering acid and metals concentrations in impaired streams, and biological recovery has been tracked and documented for the past decade. Macroinvertebrate communities in these streams are also influenced by other factors, including hydrological conditions, especially floods and droughts. These two stressors (AMD and hydrology) can have interactive affects that could harm macroinvertebrate communities within impaired streams to varying degrees. I analyzed seven years of data from macroinvertebrate communities within AMD impaired streams, streams that have recovered as a result of remediation projects, and reference unimpaired streams to detect any patterns in variation related to AMD condition and hydrological regime. I found that impaired sites supported fewer macroinvertebrate taxa; abundances were markedly lower. The greatest seasonal variation in AMD chemical stressor intensity occurred at impaired sites during low flow in summer and fall. Recovered and unimpaired sites also experienced lower pH and increased conductivity at low flow, but conditions were not as severe. Impaired stream sites that experienced a wide range of chemical variation also had larger coefficients of variation around annual biotic indices. Recovered and unimpaired reference sites exhibited less chemical variation, and the macroinvertebrate communities had greater persistence and stability than impaired sites. Stability and persistence of the macroinvertebrate community were influenced more by AMD than hydrological events. Abundance and richness were significantly higher in hydrologically wet years than in mid-range and drought years. Drought did not appear to exacerbate AMD effects.Episodic events of increased acidity or metals occur in other AMD impaired streams across the globe, so I recorded continuous chemical data in sites along a gradient of impairment to detect any episodic events and to understand the overall relationship between discharge and chemical concentration. No episodic events were detected; in most instances, dilution mechanisms were driving the AMD chemistry-discharge relationship. I also examined the interactive effect of seasonal and annual hydrology and AMD on macroinvertebrate community compositions. Impaired communities exhibited a wide range of variation in community composition, while composition in recovered and unimpaired communities was significantly less variable. AMD strongly structured the communities, while hydrological conditions appeared to have less effect. I was unable to identify any indicator taxa of specific AMD or hydrological conditions, but this may be due to additional factors such as other land-use and nutrient concentrations. To understand the discrete effects of a flood event on AMD impaired, recovered, and unimpaired macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities, I experimentally disturbed the stream substrate and tracked biotic recovery for 30 days. I found that both macroinvertebrate and periphyton communities were resistant and resilient to the disturbance across all AMD conditions, though macroinvertebrate abundance in recovered and unimpaired sites were faster to recover than impaired sites. Periphyton communities in recovered streams were slightly but significantly slower to recover than those in unimpaired streams, suggesting there may be some occasional chemical stress in recovered streams that affects the periphyton, but not the macroinvertebrates. The results of my dissertation suggest that AMD strongly structures the macroinvertebrate communities, while communities are usually robust against any interactions between AMD and hydrological disturbances. Communities within impaired streams have a wide range of variation, most likely due to more sensitive species entering but not permanently colonizing these streams. Recovered communities are similar to unimpaired communities most of the time, indicating that chemical concentrations are not harmful to the stream inhabitants, even in extremely low- or high-discharge conditions.
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