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Cumulative Water Quality Impacts of ...

Cardiff, Scott G.

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Cumulative Water Quality Impacts of Iron Mining, and Their Relation to Mining Environmental Policies, in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Cumulative Water Quality Impacts of Iron Mining, and Their Relation to Mining Environmental Policies, in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories./
Author:	Cardiff, Scott G.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	176 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-04B.
Subject:	Hydrologic sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10935954
ISBN:	9780438398269

Cumulative Water Quality Impacts of Iron Mining, and Their Relation to Mining Environmental Policies, in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories.
Cardiff, Scott G.

Cumulative Water Quality Impacts of Iron Mining, and Their Relation to Mining Environmental Policies, in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 176 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Large-scale iron mining impacts include transformation of landscapes into mine waste and open pits and contamination of natural waters. Cumulative impacts assessment has the potential to provide a comprehensive appraisal of past and current impacts that can inform decision-making for new mining projects and contribute to planning that minimizes impacts. In this research, I evaluated cumulative impacts of large-scale iron mining in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. I determined the relationship between mine waste land cover and selenium and other contaminants in the Escanaba River watershed in Michigan. Mining there contaminated the surface waters with arsenic, boron, cadmium, molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium as well selenium. I identified the downstream extent of selenium, which contaminated at least 22% of the river-km in the watershed of the East Branch of the Escanaba River and probably negatively impacts fish in that system. Using specific conductance and major anion data that I collected and that I compiled, I compared two classification approaches to estimate the spatial extent of iron mine influence on surface waters in iron mining regions across the Territories. Mine influence on water quality was extensive, and contamination likely impacts wild rice, fish, and the availability of water for potential use as drinking water. Finally, I evaluated mining environmental policy in the three states around Lake Superior and in eight other mining states to understand how policies differed, to develop a preliminary index of precautionary mining environmental policy, and to relate policies to observed impacts. Results suggested that such an index may capture some of the measures assessed by industry to decide on initiating mining activity and the number of mines in a jurisdiction. Results overall indicate that mining contamination with selenium, sulfate, bromide, and other constituents of concern is widespread in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories and is likely affecting Ojibwe rights to fish and gather wild rice.

ISBN: 9780438398269Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168407
Hydrologic sciences.

Cumulative Water Quality Impacts of Iron Mining, and Their Relation to Mining Environmental Policies, in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories.
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520 $a Large-scale iron mining impacts include transformation of landscapes into mine waste and open pits and contamination of natural waters. Cumulative impacts assessment has the potential to provide a comprehensive appraisal of past and current impacts that can inform decision-making for new mining projects and contribute to planning that minimizes impacts. In this research, I evaluated cumulative impacts of large-scale iron mining in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. I determined the relationship between mine waste land cover and selenium and other contaminants in the Escanaba River watershed in Michigan. Mining there contaminated the surface waters with arsenic, boron, cadmium, molybdenum, phosphorus, and vanadium as well selenium. I identified the downstream extent of selenium, which contaminated at least 22% of the river-km in the watershed of the East Branch of the Escanaba River and probably negatively impacts fish in that system. Using specific conductance and major anion data that I collected and that I compiled, I compared two classification approaches to estimate the spatial extent of iron mine influence on surface waters in iron mining regions across the Territories. Mine influence on water quality was extensive, and contamination likely impacts wild rice, fish, and the availability of water for potential use as drinking water. Finally, I evaluated mining environmental policy in the three states around Lake Superior and in eight other mining states to understand how policies differed, to develop a preliminary index of precautionary mining environmental policy, and to relate policies to observed impacts. Results suggested that such an index may capture some of the measures assessed by industry to decide on initiating mining activity and the number of mines in a jurisdiction. Results overall indicate that mining contamination with selenium, sulfate, bromide, and other constituents of concern is widespread in the Lake Superior Ojibwe Treaty-ceded Territories and is likely affecting Ojibwe rights to fish and gather wild rice.
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