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An Assessment of the Caribbean Sea's...

Rudzin, Johna Elizabeth.

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An Assessment of the Caribbean Sea's Upper Ocean Influence on Air-Sea Interaction During Tropical Cyclones.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	An Assessment of the Caribbean Sea's Upper Ocean Influence on Air-Sea Interaction During Tropical Cyclones./
作者:	Rudzin, Johna Elizabeth.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	170 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-12, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International79-12B.
標題:	Physical oceanography. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10816960
ISBN:	9780355992397

An Assessment of the Caribbean Sea's Upper Ocean Influence on Air-Sea Interaction During Tropical Cyclones.
Rudzin, Johna Elizabeth.

An Assessment of the Caribbean Sea's Upper Ocean Influence on Air-Sea Interaction During Tropical Cyclones. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 170 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 79-12, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Miami, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

The unique characteristics of the Caribbean Sea's upper ocean are investigated to understand its influence on air-sea processes during tropical cyclones (TC). The Caribbean Sea upper ocean is complex, containing large warm core eddies (WCE) which propagate through the basin and the Amazon-Orinoco River plume, which induces a vertical salinity gradient. Both of these features have been shown in literature in other ocean basins to influence TC intensity. Thus, it is imperative to understand how these features influence Caribbean Sea TCs. To pursue the main research goal, first, the upper ocean structure of a large anticyclonic eddy and its surrounding waters were measured during an aircraft oceanographic survey over the eastern Caribbean Sea. Observations from the survey are the first that identify a barrier layer within a warm core eddy (WCE) in the Caribbean Sea. This vertical salinity feature increases upper ocean stability in addition to reducing the efficacy of wind-induced mixing. Moreover, the isothermal structure within the surveyed WCE is similar to Gulf of Mexico WCEs which are known to provide a favorable ocean environment to passing TCs. Air-sea fluxes during Caribbean Sea TC events were estimated and compared with respect to upper ocean thermal and haline variability to assess how ocean variability, specifically upper ocean salinity, plays a role in enhancing and sustaining air-sea flux. Results highlight how salinity stratification within the Amazon-Orinoco River plume reduces entrainment heat flux within the ocean mixed layer, reducing SST cooling, and sustaining air-sea fluxes, similar to that over the WCE features. Finally, the impact of upper ocean thermal and haline structure is investigated numerically using one-dimensional (1D) mixed layer models and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Idealized temperature and salinity profiles are used with several 1D models to understand how vertical temperature and salinity gradients play a role in sea surface temperature (SST) response during TCs. The WRF model is used to investigate the how differing ocean representations and the influence of salinity impact TC air-sea fluxes, intensity, and track during Hurricane Ivan (2004) in the Caribbean Sea. All simulations highlight how the inclusion of salinity becomes important in SST response when TCs encounter shallow isothermal layers, such as in river plumes, and how accurate representation of salinity in WRF is needed to replicate SST cooling, air-sea fluxes, and TC track and intensity. Overall, it is found that Caribbean Sea upper ocean provides a favorable ocean environment for TC intensification and that salinity stratification within the Amazon-Orinoco River plume in the Caribbean Sea increases upper ocean stability, delays rapid deepening of the ocean mixed layer, reduces SST cooling, and sustains air-sea fluxes during TC passage.

ISBN: 9780355992397Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168433
Physical oceanography.

An Assessment of the Caribbean Sea's Upper Ocean Influence on Air-Sea Interaction During Tropical Cyclones.
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520 $a The unique characteristics of the Caribbean Sea's upper ocean are investigated to understand its influence on air-sea processes during tropical cyclones (TC). The Caribbean Sea upper ocean is complex, containing large warm core eddies (WCE) which propagate through the basin and the Amazon-Orinoco River plume, which induces a vertical salinity gradient. Both of these features have been shown in literature in other ocean basins to influence TC intensity. Thus, it is imperative to understand how these features influence Caribbean Sea TCs. To pursue the main research goal, first, the upper ocean structure of a large anticyclonic eddy and its surrounding waters were measured during an aircraft oceanographic survey over the eastern Caribbean Sea. Observations from the survey are the first that identify a barrier layer within a warm core eddy (WCE) in the Caribbean Sea. This vertical salinity feature increases upper ocean stability in addition to reducing the efficacy of wind-induced mixing. Moreover, the isothermal structure within the surveyed WCE is similar to Gulf of Mexico WCEs which are known to provide a favorable ocean environment to passing TCs. Air-sea fluxes during Caribbean Sea TC events were estimated and compared with respect to upper ocean thermal and haline variability to assess how ocean variability, specifically upper ocean salinity, plays a role in enhancing and sustaining air-sea flux. Results highlight how salinity stratification within the Amazon-Orinoco River plume reduces entrainment heat flux within the ocean mixed layer, reducing SST cooling, and sustaining air-sea fluxes, similar to that over the WCE features. Finally, the impact of upper ocean thermal and haline structure is investigated numerically using one-dimensional (1D) mixed layer models and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Idealized temperature and salinity profiles are used with several 1D models to understand how vertical temperature and salinity gradients play a role in sea surface temperature (SST) response during TCs. The WRF model is used to investigate the how differing ocean representations and the influence of salinity impact TC air-sea fluxes, intensity, and track during Hurricane Ivan (2004) in the Caribbean Sea. All simulations highlight how the inclusion of salinity becomes important in SST response when TCs encounter shallow isothermal layers, such as in river plumes, and how accurate representation of salinity in WRF is needed to replicate SST cooling, air-sea fluxes, and TC track and intensity. Overall, it is found that Caribbean Sea upper ocean provides a favorable ocean environment for TC intensification and that salinity stratification within the Amazon-Orinoco River plume in the Caribbean Sea increases upper ocean stability, delays rapid deepening of the ocean mixed layer, reduces SST cooling, and sustains air-sea fluxes during TC passage.
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