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The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: ...

Norlund, Kelsey.

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The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: Bacterial sulfur geochemistry in mine waters.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: Bacterial sulfur geochemistry in mine waters./
Author:	Norlund, Kelsey.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2011,
Description:	138 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 74-08, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International74-08B.
Subject:	Geochemistry. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=NR91078
ISBN:	9780494910788

The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: Bacterial sulfur geochemistry in mine waters.
Norlund, Kelsey.

The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: Bacterial sulfur geochemistry in mine waters. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2011 - 138 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 74-08, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University (Canada), 2011.

This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) results in substantial environmental degradation and water contamination on a global scale. While microbial sulfur oxidation is known to be a major driver of AMD generation, the influence of ecological interactions within mining microbial communities on sulfur geochemistry is not well constrained. Through batch laboratory experimentation, this doctoral thesis mechanistically identifies bacterial roles in sulfur biogeochemistry under experimental conditions relevant to mining environments. Aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of pyrrhotite by a sulfide-oxidizing enrichment demonstrated a mineralogical signature of bacterial sulfur oxidation. Crystalline jarosite formed by a bacterial sulfur oxidation pathway occurred at pH values above literature values and stability of the microbially-produced jarosite was greater than abiotically-produced jarosite in acidic waters. Results have implications for mineralogical transformation in AMD environments and in the search for life on Mars, where jarosite has been discovered at Meridian Planum. An integrated multidisciplinary approach identified aggregates of cells and extrapolymeric substances (EPS) in a second sulfur-oxidizing enrichment. Aggregates consisted of a specific spatial organization of two common mine bacteria: chemolithoautrophic sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and putative heterotrophic elemental sulfur reducing Acidiphilium sp. The aggregate structure provides the necessary microgeochemical conditions to facilitate a syntrophic sulfur metabolism of tetrathionate disproportionation by At. ferrooxidans coupled to elemental sulfur reduction by Acidiphilium sp. The aggregate sulfur geochemistry reduces net acid generation by 40-90% with significant implications for AMID generation. Consortial formation is likely a widespread phenomenon for these bacterial species as identical aggregates formed for type strain co-cultures of At. ferrooxidans and Ac. acidophilum. Consortia only formed under sulfur and organic carbon limiting conditions, signifying an environmental control on the ecology of the consortium. The bulk scale sulfur and acid dynamics for both the type strain and environmental enrichment aggregates were highly similar, highlighting the important influence of microscale sulfur cycling on bulk geochemistry.

ISBN: 9780494910788Subjects--Topical Terms:

539092
Geochemistry.

The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: Bacterial sulfur geochemistry in mine waters.
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245 1 4 $a The ecology of sulfur geochemistry: Bacterial sulfur geochemistry in mine waters.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2011
300 $a 138 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 74-08, Section: B.
500 $a Publisher info.: Dissertation/Thesis.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University (Canada), 2011.
506 $a This item must not be added to any third party search indexes.
506 $a This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.
520 $a Acid mine drainage (AMD) results in substantial environmental degradation and water contamination on a global scale. While microbial sulfur oxidation is known to be a major driver of AMD generation, the influence of ecological interactions within mining microbial communities on sulfur geochemistry is not well constrained. Through batch laboratory experimentation, this doctoral thesis mechanistically identifies bacterial roles in sulfur biogeochemistry under experimental conditions relevant to mining environments. Aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of pyrrhotite by a sulfide-oxidizing enrichment demonstrated a mineralogical signature of bacterial sulfur oxidation. Crystalline jarosite formed by a bacterial sulfur oxidation pathway occurred at pH values above literature values and stability of the microbially-produced jarosite was greater than abiotically-produced jarosite in acidic waters. Results have implications for mineralogical transformation in AMD environments and in the search for life on Mars, where jarosite has been discovered at Meridian Planum. An integrated multidisciplinary approach identified aggregates of cells and extrapolymeric substances (EPS) in a second sulfur-oxidizing enrichment. Aggregates consisted of a specific spatial organization of two common mine bacteria: chemolithoautrophic sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and putative heterotrophic elemental sulfur reducing Acidiphilium sp. The aggregate structure provides the necessary microgeochemical conditions to facilitate a syntrophic sulfur metabolism of tetrathionate disproportionation by At. ferrooxidans coupled to elemental sulfur reduction by Acidiphilium sp. The aggregate sulfur geochemistry reduces net acid generation by 40-90% with significant implications for AMID generation. Consortial formation is likely a widespread phenomenon for these bacterial species as identical aggregates formed for type strain co-cultures of At. ferrooxidans and Ac. acidophilum. Consortia only formed under sulfur and organic carbon limiting conditions, signifying an environmental control on the ecology of the consortium. The bulk scale sulfur and acid dynamics for both the type strain and environmental enrichment aggregates were highly similar, highlighting the important influence of microscale sulfur cycling on bulk geochemistry.
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