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Sex Determination and Interspecies Hybridization in Zebrafish Danio rerio and Pearl Danio D. albolineatus.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Sex Determination and Interspecies Hybridization in Zebrafish Danio rerio and Pearl Danio D. albolineatus./
作者:	Delomas, Thomas Allin.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	234 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-05, Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-05B.
標題:	Biology. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=11005342
ISBN:	9780438590588

Sex Determination and Interspecies Hybridization in Zebrafish Danio rerio and Pearl Danio D. albolineatus.
Delomas, Thomas Allin.

Sex Determination and Interspecies Hybridization in Zebrafish Danio rerio and Pearl Danio D. albolineatus. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 234 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-05, Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

Sustainable management of fisheries and improvement of aquaculture production depends on an increased scientific understanding of fish physiology, nutrition, genetics, and ecology. With over 33,000 described fish species, and hundreds of these species being commercially fished or farmed, it is impractical to develop scientific resources and thoroughly investigate the biology of each species. One solution to this problem is the utilization of model organisms. The zebrafish Danio rerio is a widely used model organism in the larger experimental biology community. However, several areas of research need to be addressed for its utility to increase, particularly for fisheries and aquaculture research. First, rearing methods need to be improved, with an emphasis on larval and early juvenile stages. The sex determination system is controversial, but has been suggested to be polygenic. Finally, interspecies hybridization, which is a key tool in genetic improvement for aquaculture species, has not been thoroughly explored in the Danio genus. We present a series of studies addressing these areas of research in order to increase the utility of the zebrafish model system with an emphasis on applications to fisheries and aquaculture research. First, we designed and evaluated a rearing method utilizing a novel set of environmental parameters (3 parts per thousand salinity, high densities of live food, algal turbidity, 24L:0D photoperiod) from 5 to 21 days post-fertilization (dpf) that led to rapid growth rates (mean ± SD lengths of 19.4 ± 1.0 mm and 30.4 ± 1.5 mm at 21 and 42 dpf, respectively) and high fertility (232 ± 124 oocytes/female at 66 ± 3 dpf) (chapter 2). Next, we evaluated this protocol at temperatures close to the lower thermal limit for embryonic development (23°C) and observed no significant decrease in survival compared to a control group kept at optimum temperature (28.5°C) (chapter 3). We then utilized this rearing protocol to perform a series of investigations into the zebrafish sex determination system. First, we produced triploid zebrafish and confirmed previous studies that found triploid zebrafish to be all male. We then treated triploid zebrafish with estradiol (100ng/L) from 5 to 28 dpf, and found that both treated and untreated triploids were all male. Untreated diploid siblings were also all male while treated diploid siblings were 11% male. This demonstrates that triploidy acts downstream of estradiol to induce male development (chapter 4). Induced gynogenesis (inheritance of only maternal chromosomes) is a frequently used technique for investigating sex determination in fish species. Previous studies on gynogenesis in zebrafish reported inconsistent results and utilize irradiated zebrafish spermatozoa to induce embryonic development in zebrafish oocytes. This leaves open the possibility that rare, incompletely irradiated spermatozoa may cause gynogenetic progeny groups to be contaminated by biparental offspring. To address this methodological issue, we demonstrated that UV-irradiated common carp Cyprinus carpio spermatozoa activated embryonic development in zebrafish oocytes and that hybrids between zebrafish and common carp were inviable (chapter 5). We then used UV-irradiated common carp spermatozoa to induce gynogenesis in zebrafish. Out of 52 adult gynogens, only one was female. This is consistent with zebrafish having a polygenic sex determination system where inbreeding causes male development. Male gynogens and their biparental siblings were outcrossed to the same group of unrelated females. The families sired by gynogen males were more likely to be female biased than families sired by biparental males. This suggests that inbreeding induces male development through recessive and/or overdominant male-determining alleles (chapter 6). There are no studies investigating the sex determining systems of other Danio species, making it impossible to evaluate the evolution of sex determination in Danio. To address this gap, we investigated the sex determination system of pearl danio Danio albolineatus. We first performed a full-factorial mating and found that sex ratio varied between families from 5 to 100% male. Six breeding pairs were crossed twice and the sex ratios were not significantly different between the first and second crossings. Heritability was estimated at 0.89 (mean of posterior distribution) with a 95% credibility interval of 0.44 - 1.40. Together, these observations demonstrate that pearl danio has a polygenic sex determination system, and suggests that polygenic sex determination may be conserved between zebrafish and pearl danio. We then performed gynogenesis with pearl danio and the resulting gynogenetic families were strongly male-biased (91 ± 8% male). This suggests that inbreeding also induces male development in pearl danio (chapter 7). After observing the relationship between inbreeding and male development in zebrafish and pearl danio, we developed a hypothesis for why this may be an evolutionarily adaptive trait: male-biased sex ratios improve parental fitness under conditions of inbreeding through male-specific dispersal and investment in mate searching (chapter 8). (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

ISBN: 9780438590588Subjects--Topical Terms:

522710
Biology.

Sex Determination and Interspecies Hybridization in Zebrafish Danio rerio and Pearl Danio D. albolineatus.
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520 $a Sustainable management of fisheries and improvement of aquaculture production depends on an increased scientific understanding of fish physiology, nutrition, genetics, and ecology. With over 33,000 described fish species, and hundreds of these species being commercially fished or farmed, it is impractical to develop scientific resources and thoroughly investigate the biology of each species. One solution to this problem is the utilization of model organisms. The zebrafish Danio rerio is a widely used model organism in the larger experimental biology community. However, several areas of research need to be addressed for its utility to increase, particularly for fisheries and aquaculture research. First, rearing methods need to be improved, with an emphasis on larval and early juvenile stages. The sex determination system is controversial, but has been suggested to be polygenic. Finally, interspecies hybridization, which is a key tool in genetic improvement for aquaculture species, has not been thoroughly explored in the Danio genus. We present a series of studies addressing these areas of research in order to increase the utility of the zebrafish model system with an emphasis on applications to fisheries and aquaculture research. First, we designed and evaluated a rearing method utilizing a novel set of environmental parameters (3 parts per thousand salinity, high densities of live food, algal turbidity, 24L:0D photoperiod) from 5 to 21 days post-fertilization (dpf) that led to rapid growth rates (mean ± SD lengths of 19.4 ± 1.0 mm and 30.4 ± 1.5 mm at 21 and 42 dpf, respectively) and high fertility (232 ± 124 oocytes/female at 66 ± 3 dpf) (chapter 2). Next, we evaluated this protocol at temperatures close to the lower thermal limit for embryonic development (23°C) and observed no significant decrease in survival compared to a control group kept at optimum temperature (28.5°C) (chapter 3). We then utilized this rearing protocol to perform a series of investigations into the zebrafish sex determination system. First, we produced triploid zebrafish and confirmed previous studies that found triploid zebrafish to be all male. We then treated triploid zebrafish with estradiol (100ng/L) from 5 to 28 dpf, and found that both treated and untreated triploids were all male. Untreated diploid siblings were also all male while treated diploid siblings were 11% male. This demonstrates that triploidy acts downstream of estradiol to induce male development (chapter 4). Induced gynogenesis (inheritance of only maternal chromosomes) is a frequently used technique for investigating sex determination in fish species. Previous studies on gynogenesis in zebrafish reported inconsistent results and utilize irradiated zebrafish spermatozoa to induce embryonic development in zebrafish oocytes. This leaves open the possibility that rare, incompletely irradiated spermatozoa may cause gynogenetic progeny groups to be contaminated by biparental offspring. To address this methodological issue, we demonstrated that UV-irradiated common carp Cyprinus carpio spermatozoa activated embryonic development in zebrafish oocytes and that hybrids between zebrafish and common carp were inviable (chapter 5). We then used UV-irradiated common carp spermatozoa to induce gynogenesis in zebrafish. Out of 52 adult gynogens, only one was female. This is consistent with zebrafish having a polygenic sex determination system where inbreeding causes male development. Male gynogens and their biparental siblings were outcrossed to the same group of unrelated females. The families sired by gynogen males were more likely to be female biased than families sired by biparental males. This suggests that inbreeding induces male development through recessive and/or overdominant male-determining alleles (chapter 6). There are no studies investigating the sex determining systems of other Danio species, making it impossible to evaluate the evolution of sex determination in Danio. To address this gap, we investigated the sex determination system of pearl danio Danio albolineatus. We first performed a full-factorial mating and found that sex ratio varied between families from 5 to 100% male. Six breeding pairs were crossed twice and the sex ratios were not significantly different between the first and second crossings. Heritability was estimated at 0.89 (mean of posterior distribution) with a 95% credibility interval of 0.44 - 1.40. Together, these observations demonstrate that pearl danio has a polygenic sex determination system, and suggests that polygenic sex determination may be conserved between zebrafish and pearl danio. We then performed gynogenesis with pearl danio and the resulting gynogenetic families were strongly male-biased (91 ± 8% male). This suggests that inbreeding also induces male development in pearl danio (chapter 7). After observing the relationship between inbreeding and male development in zebrafish and pearl danio, we developed a hypothesis for why this may be an evolutionarily adaptive trait: male-biased sex ratios improve parental fitness under conditions of inbreeding through male-specific dispersal and investment in mate searching (chapter 8). (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
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