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Three Essays on Policy Impacts on Labor Markets: Global Recession, Trade Liberalization, and Maternity Protection.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Three Essays on Policy Impacts on Labor Markets: Global Recession, Trade Liberalization, and Maternity Protection./
作者:	Kim, Songnyeon.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	122 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-09, Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertations Abstracts International80-09A.
標題:	Economic theory. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=11017979

Three Essays on Policy Impacts on Labor Markets: Global Recession, Trade Liberalization, and Maternity Protection.
Kim, Songnyeon.

Three Essays on Policy Impacts on Labor Markets: Global Recession, Trade Liberalization, and Maternity Protection. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 122 p.

Source: Dissertations Abstracts International, Volume: 80-09, Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2018.

This item must not be sold to any third party vendors.

This thesis studied on howlabor market performances are impacted by trade and socioeconomic environments. The second and third chapters explore trade impacts on skill-wage premium. While starting from the traditional Heckscher-Ohlin theory of trade, I test the theory in Korean and Mexican event study. The second chapter investigates how regional exporting characteristics affect the skill-wage premium surrounding the Global Recession event in 2008. Recent trade theories predict that exporters would use more high-skilled labor. Thus, if we observe an increase in exports in a given region, then we would expect to see an increase in the demand for skilled workers. However, the opposite may also happen if the trade primarily involves intermediates-a decline in exports may lead to an increase in the skill premium. This paper studies how exports affect regional labor markets in South Korea, a country that experienced a sharp decline in exports following the Great Recession of 2007-2008. A panel dataset is employed to test this by using regional differences in the exporting activity, which is constructed for 15 Korean regions from 2001 to 2014 using individual data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study and the U.N. Commodity Trade Statistics data. To avoid potential endogeneity of exports, this paper leverages the impact of the Global Recession, which brought about a decrease in regional exports, with regions that had more active exporters initially experiencing a more substantial decline in exports. The analysis also utilizes the regional exposure to fluctuations in the exchange rate constructed based on the region's industrial composition, to use in place of exports. The panel analysis confirms that declining exports bring about higher skilled wages, i.e., regions with more substantial initial exports experience more significant declines in exports and an increase in the skill premium after the Great Recession. The third chapter first tries to replicate implications from Amiti & Cameron (2012) because evidence of decreasing skill-wage premium in developing countries is not a prevalent phenomenon. By doing this, I expect to find support for the existence of different channel of trade measures that affect skill-wage premium. Amiti & Cameron (2012) have shown that Indonesia, a low-skill abundant country, experienced a reduction in the skilled-wage premium when input tariffs fell. They rationalize it by suggesting that when the input tariff falls, it induces firms to redirect their skill-intensive inputs towards imports, hence the domestic demand for skill declines. This paper investigates whether this pattern holds for Mexico. Mexico is abundant in unskilled labor and its major trading partners are skill abundant countries, such as the United States. I use annual data on 3,200 plants from Mexico's Industrial Survey that encompasses the period of large-scale trade liberalization from 1984 to 1990. When the input tariff declines, the empirical results from panel analysis show that the skill-wage premium falls, as well across all wage equations including wage bill, personnel wage, and hourly wage. Results from the regressions on relative individual wage show that output license coverage played a role in reducing skill-wage premium as a result of competition with skill- intensive imported goods. Furthermore, the effect of quota is differential according to a firm's exporting activity. In the last chapter, I compare the distinction of Korean maternity leave expansion in 2001 and 2006, which aims to identify the effect of benefit cost transfer from private to public. The Korean government has demonstrated consistent efforts to strengthen maternity protection. Major recent policy changes for firms with fewer than 300 workers were enacted in November 2001 and January 2006. The first changes were to expand paid maternity leave up to 90 days from 60 days and to give subsidies for the last 30 days of leave. The second round of legislation increased the duration of the subsidies for the whole 90 day periods. This research compares the impacts on female labor market outcomes as a result of each policy amendments. The 2001 and 2006 legislation were different in that the former focused more on increasing the duration of maternity leave and the later increased the coverage of monetary compensation. While both protection expansions can increase female labor supply, the former change increased the costs of hiring female workers and the later buffered the cost burden for firms hiring women. My analysis utilizes the Korean Labor Income Panel Study (KLIPS) that covers the periods before and after each policy changes. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).Subjects--Topical Terms:

1556984
Economic theory.

Three Essays on Policy Impacts on Labor Markets: Global Recession, Trade Liberalization, and Maternity Protection.
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500 $a Zheng, Xiaoyong;Boys, Kathryn;Beghin, John;Kandilov, Ivan.
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520 $a This thesis studied on howlabor market performances are impacted by trade and socioeconomic environments. The second and third chapters explore trade impacts on skill-wage premium. While starting from the traditional Heckscher-Ohlin theory of trade, I test the theory in Korean and Mexican event study. The second chapter investigates how regional exporting characteristics affect the skill-wage premium surrounding the Global Recession event in 2008. Recent trade theories predict that exporters would use more high-skilled labor. Thus, if we observe an increase in exports in a given region, then we would expect to see an increase in the demand for skilled workers. However, the opposite may also happen if the trade primarily involves intermediates-a decline in exports may lead to an increase in the skill premium. This paper studies how exports affect regional labor markets in South Korea, a country that experienced a sharp decline in exports following the Great Recession of 2007-2008. A panel dataset is employed to test this by using regional differences in the exporting activity, which is constructed for 15 Korean regions from 2001 to 2014 using individual data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study and the U.N. Commodity Trade Statistics data. To avoid potential endogeneity of exports, this paper leverages the impact of the Global Recession, which brought about a decrease in regional exports, with regions that had more active exporters initially experiencing a more substantial decline in exports. The analysis also utilizes the regional exposure to fluctuations in the exchange rate constructed based on the region's industrial composition, to use in place of exports. The panel analysis confirms that declining exports bring about higher skilled wages, i.e., regions with more substantial initial exports experience more significant declines in exports and an increase in the skill premium after the Great Recession. The third chapter first tries to replicate implications from Amiti & Cameron (2012) because evidence of decreasing skill-wage premium in developing countries is not a prevalent phenomenon. By doing this, I expect to find support for the existence of different channel of trade measures that affect skill-wage premium. Amiti & Cameron (2012) have shown that Indonesia, a low-skill abundant country, experienced a reduction in the skilled-wage premium when input tariffs fell. They rationalize it by suggesting that when the input tariff falls, it induces firms to redirect their skill-intensive inputs towards imports, hence the domestic demand for skill declines. This paper investigates whether this pattern holds for Mexico. Mexico is abundant in unskilled labor and its major trading partners are skill abundant countries, such as the United States. I use annual data on 3,200 plants from Mexico's Industrial Survey that encompasses the period of large-scale trade liberalization from 1984 to 1990. When the input tariff declines, the empirical results from panel analysis show that the skill-wage premium falls, as well across all wage equations including wage bill, personnel wage, and hourly wage. Results from the regressions on relative individual wage show that output license coverage played a role in reducing skill-wage premium as a result of competition with skill- intensive imported goods. Furthermore, the effect of quota is differential according to a firm's exporting activity. In the last chapter, I compare the distinction of Korean maternity leave expansion in 2001 and 2006, which aims to identify the effect of benefit cost transfer from private to public. The Korean government has demonstrated consistent efforts to strengthen maternity protection. Major recent policy changes for firms with fewer than 300 workers were enacted in November 2001 and January 2006. The first changes were to expand paid maternity leave up to 90 days from 60 days and to give subsidies for the last 30 days of leave. The second round of legislation increased the duration of the subsidies for the whole 90 day periods. This research compares the impacts on female labor market outcomes as a result of each policy amendments. The 2001 and 2006 legislation were different in that the former focused more on increasing the duration of maternity leave and the later increased the coverage of monetary compensation. While both protection expansions can increase female labor supply, the former change increased the costs of hiring female workers and the later buffered the cost burden for firms hiring women. My analysis utilizes the Korean Labor Income Panel Study (KLIPS) that covers the periods before and after each policy changes. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
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