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Strength in Numbers: Social Identity...

Tunkis, Peter Jan.

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Strength in Numbers: Social Identity, Political Ambition, and Group-based Legislative Party Switching.

紀錄類型:	書目-電子資源 : Monograph/item
正題名/作者:	Strength in Numbers: Social Identity, Political Ambition, and Group-based Legislative Party Switching./
作者:	Tunkis, Peter Jan.
出版者:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
面頁冊數:	227 p.
附註:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04(E), Section: A.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-04A(E).
標題:	European studies. -
電子資源:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=11013070
ISBN:	9780438668805

Strength in Numbers: Social Identity, Political Ambition, and Group-based Legislative Party Switching.
Tunkis, Peter Jan.

Strength in Numbers: Social Identity, Political Ambition, and Group-based Legislative Party Switching. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 227 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04(E), Section: A.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Ohio State University, 2018.

Party switching, or changing one's political party affiliation, is a surprisingly widespread and persistent phenomenon among members of parliament (MPs) in old and new democracies alike. Switching gives voters the impression of a lack of legislator accountability and representation, and may indicate weak parties or government instability. Why do some MPs risk their careers, prestige, and chances of reelection for oftentimes uncertain payoffs? Extant research on party switching frames this behavior as an individual phenomenon, based on rational calculations to further goals of vote, office, or policy-seeking. Yet in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, I find that party switching is largely a group phenomenon, which has heretofore received little attention. Building upon established research on political parties, party systems, and legislator behavior, I develop a theory of group-based defection that addresses this gap in the literature. I argue that MPs pursue political ambition in groups in which they share political goals---the pursuit of collective ambition is thus an alternative means to achieving their objectives. These groups are formed around, or defined by, social identities that are common or shared among individual MPs. By switching political parties as part of a group, individual MPs are able to more effectively pursue their political ambition.

ISBN: 9780438668805Subjects--Topical Terms:

3168420
European studies.

Strength in Numbers: Social Identity, Political Ambition, and Group-based Legislative Party Switching.
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500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-04(E), Section: A.
500 $a Adviser: Anthony Mughan.
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520 $a Party switching, or changing one's political party affiliation, is a surprisingly widespread and persistent phenomenon among members of parliament (MPs) in old and new democracies alike. Switching gives voters the impression of a lack of legislator accountability and representation, and may indicate weak parties or government instability. Why do some MPs risk their careers, prestige, and chances of reelection for oftentimes uncertain payoffs? Extant research on party switching frames this behavior as an individual phenomenon, based on rational calculations to further goals of vote, office, or policy-seeking. Yet in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, I find that party switching is largely a group phenomenon, which has heretofore received little attention. Building upon established research on political parties, party systems, and legislator behavior, I develop a theory of group-based defection that addresses this gap in the literature. I argue that MPs pursue political ambition in groups in which they share political goals---the pursuit of collective ambition is thus an alternative means to achieving their objectives. These groups are formed around, or defined by, social identities that are common or shared among individual MPs. By switching political parties as part of a group, individual MPs are able to more effectively pursue their political ambition.
520 $a After presenting the theory and hypotheses of group-based party switching as a function of the pursuit of collective political ambition and the importance of shared social identities in Chapter 2, Chapter 3 lays out the dissertation's multi-methodological approach. I present novel biographical and legislative data used to test the theory and hypotheses, discuss the variables used in statistical analyses, and describe the administration of semi-structured interviews. Chapter 4 presents the quantitative analyses of the patterns of group switching in Poland from 1997 to 2011, and the influence of individual and collective political ambition, and social identities, on this type of legislative behavior. I find that attachment to shared social identities, as a proxy for the influence of collective ambition, has a strong impact on the decision to defect as part of a group. Chapter 5 then examines the same relationship in the Czech Republic among MPs from 1992 to 2013. The results are weak, but the evidence still points to a direct influence of collective ambition on group switching; there is also some evidence that having cross-cutting party and nonpartisan identities strengthens the influence of the pursuit of individual ambition on the decision to defect. In Chapter 6, I discuss findings from semi-structured interviews with 75 Polish and Czech politicians that cover perspectives on democratization and political parties, as well as the importance of social groups in the decision to switch political parties. The qualitative evidence from these conversations complements the quantitative findings from previous chapters, and provides additional evidence for the impact of collective ambition in the decision to defect. I conclude with a synthesis of the central arguments and findings from the dissertation as well as avenues for future research on social identity, collective ambition, and legislative behavior.
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