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Diet Starch Concentration and Starch...

Albornoz, Rodrigo Ivan.

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Diet Starch Concentration and Starch Fermentability Affect Energy Intake and Production of Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Diet Starch Concentration and Starch Fermentability Affect Energy Intake and Production of Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period./
Author:	Albornoz, Rodrigo Ivan.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	114 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-01(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International80-01B(E).
Subject:	Animal sciences. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10930386
ISBN:	9780438294202

Diet Starch Concentration and Starch Fermentability Affect Energy Intake and Production of Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period.
Albornoz, Rodrigo Ivan.

Diet Starch Concentration and Starch Fermentability Affect Energy Intake and Production of Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 114 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 80-01(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2018.

During the early postpartum (PP) period dairy cows experience suppressed appetite, negative energy balance and hypoglycemia; increasing the amount of starch in the diet can help to minimize these deficits. However, feeding diets with high starch concentration (SC) or highly fermentable starch can increase the production of propionic acid which can have hypophagic effects by stimulating the oxidation of fuels in the liver. We hypothesize that energy intake, energy balance and metabolic stress of cows in the early PP period can be improved by altering dietary SC and starch fermentability (SF). Our objective was to evaluate the effects of SC and SF of diets fed during the early PP period on DM and energy intake, energy balance, metabolic responses and production. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment diets were formulated to 22% (LS) or 28% (HS) starch with dry ground corn (DGC) or high moisture corn (HMC) as the primary starch source. Treatments were fed from 1 to 23 d PP and cows were switched to a common diet until 72 d PP to measure carryover (CO) effects. Treatment period (TP) diets were formulated for 22% forage NDF and 17% CP, and starch concentration was adjusted by substitution of corn grain for soyhulls. Throughout the experiment, DMI and MY were measured daily, and milk components, BCS and BW were measured weekly. During the TP, feeds, refusals, and fecal samples were collected and digestibility was determined weekly. Blood was collected weekly during the TP and every second week during the CO period. During the TP, HMC decreased intakes of DM and net energy of lactation (NEL) more when included in the HS (3.9 kg/d and 3.2 Mcal/d) than in the LS (0.9 kg/d and 0.6 Mcal/d) diets and HMC decreased yields of milk, fat, protein, 3.5% FCM and milk NEL by 4.3, 0.19, 0.18, 4.8 kg/d and 2.8 Mcal/d, respectively. Treatments also interacted over time to decrease DMI and yields of milk and milk components more for HMC compared with DGC as time progressed during the TP. Over the TP, BCS loss was increased when HMC was fed in a HS diet (--0.38 vs. --0.17) and decreased when included in a LS diet (--0.21 vs. --0.29) compared with DGC with no effects on BW change. Energy balance was improved by HS compared with LS (--14.7 vs. --16.8 Mcal/d). Treatments interacted to affect plasma concentrations of TNFalpha, haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein, with HMC increasing their concentrations for HS (9.29 vs. 8.42 pg/mL, 0.54 vs. 0.41 mg/mL and 5.85 vs. 4.67 microg/mL, respectively) and decreasing their concentrations for LS (5.88 vs. 11.3 pg/mL, 0.29 vs. 0.44 mg/mL and 4.41 vs. 6.02 microg/mL, respectively) compared with DGC. During the CO period, treatment effects on DMI diminished over time with no main effects of treatment for the entire period. Treatments interacted to affect yields of milk, milk fat and FCM during the CO period, which were greater for HS-DGC and LS-HMC (54.8 and 52.8, 1.76 and 1.81, and 51.3 and 52.2 kg/d, respectively) than for LS-DGC and HS-HMC (51.2 and 51.0, 1.68 and 1.64, and 48.4 and 48.6 kg/d, respectively). Treatments did not affect BCS change during the CO period but HS lost BW compared with LS (--5.7 vs. 7.0 kg). Concentrations of blood markers of inflammation were not affected by treatments during the CO period. Overall, our results are consistent with the Hepatic Oxidation Theory of control of feed intake and we were able to confirm that energy intake, production and metabolic stress during the early PP period can be improved by altering diet SC and SF. Our findings on production response during the CO period suggest a relationship with the inflammatory response elicited by treatments during the TP.

ISBN: 9780438294202Subjects--Topical Terms:

3174829
Animal sciences.

Diet Starch Concentration and Starch Fermentability Affect Energy Intake and Production of Dairy Cows during the Postpartum Period.
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502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University, 2018.
520 $a During the early postpartum (PP) period dairy cows experience suppressed appetite, negative energy balance and hypoglycemia; increasing the amount of starch in the diet can help to minimize these deficits. However, feeding diets with high starch concentration (SC) or highly fermentable starch can increase the production of propionic acid which can have hypophagic effects by stimulating the oxidation of fuels in the liver. We hypothesize that energy intake, energy balance and metabolic stress of cows in the early PP period can be improved by altering dietary SC and starch fermentability (SF). Our objective was to evaluate the effects of SC and SF of diets fed during the early PP period on DM and energy intake, energy balance, metabolic responses and production. Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatment diets were formulated to 22% (LS) or 28% (HS) starch with dry ground corn (DGC) or high moisture corn (HMC) as the primary starch source. Treatments were fed from 1 to 23 d PP and cows were switched to a common diet until 72 d PP to measure carryover (CO) effects. Treatment period (TP) diets were formulated for 22% forage NDF and 17% CP, and starch concentration was adjusted by substitution of corn grain for soyhulls. Throughout the experiment, DMI and MY were measured daily, and milk components, BCS and BW were measured weekly. During the TP, feeds, refusals, and fecal samples were collected and digestibility was determined weekly. Blood was collected weekly during the TP and every second week during the CO period. During the TP, HMC decreased intakes of DM and net energy of lactation (NEL) more when included in the HS (3.9 kg/d and 3.2 Mcal/d) than in the LS (0.9 kg/d and 0.6 Mcal/d) diets and HMC decreased yields of milk, fat, protein, 3.5% FCM and milk NEL by 4.3, 0.19, 0.18, 4.8 kg/d and 2.8 Mcal/d, respectively. Treatments also interacted over time to decrease DMI and yields of milk and milk components more for HMC compared with DGC as time progressed during the TP. Over the TP, BCS loss was increased when HMC was fed in a HS diet (--0.38 vs. --0.17) and decreased when included in a LS diet (--0.21 vs. --0.29) compared with DGC with no effects on BW change. Energy balance was improved by HS compared with LS (--14.7 vs. --16.8 Mcal/d). Treatments interacted to affect plasma concentrations of TNFalpha, haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein, with HMC increasing their concentrations for HS (9.29 vs. 8.42 pg/mL, 0.54 vs. 0.41 mg/mL and 5.85 vs. 4.67 microg/mL, respectively) and decreasing their concentrations for LS (5.88 vs. 11.3 pg/mL, 0.29 vs. 0.44 mg/mL and 4.41 vs. 6.02 microg/mL, respectively) compared with DGC. During the CO period, treatment effects on DMI diminished over time with no main effects of treatment for the entire period. Treatments interacted to affect yields of milk, milk fat and FCM during the CO period, which were greater for HS-DGC and LS-HMC (54.8 and 52.8, 1.76 and 1.81, and 51.3 and 52.2 kg/d, respectively) than for LS-DGC and HS-HMC (51.2 and 51.0, 1.68 and 1.64, and 48.4 and 48.6 kg/d, respectively). Treatments did not affect BCS change during the CO period but HS lost BW compared with LS (--5.7 vs. 7.0 kg). Concentrations of blood markers of inflammation were not affected by treatments during the CO period. Overall, our results are consistent with the Hepatic Oxidation Theory of control of feed intake and we were able to confirm that energy intake, production and metabolic stress during the early PP period can be improved by altering diet SC and SF. Our findings on production response during the CO period suggest a relationship with the inflammatory response elicited by treatments during the TP.
590 $a School code: 0128.
650 4 $a Animal sciences. $3 3174829
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710 2 $a Michigan State University. $b Animal Science. $3 3180685
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 80-01B(E).
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792 $a 2018
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856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10930386