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The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Struc...

Dillon, Megan.

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The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Structure of the Benthic Microbial Mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica: Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Oxygen Concentration.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Structure of the Benthic Microbial Mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica: Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Oxygen Concentration./
Author:	Dillon, Megan.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2018,
Description:	126 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-12(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-12B(E).
Subject:	Microbiology. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10785151
ISBN:	9780438289826

The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Structure of the Benthic Microbial Mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica: Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Oxygen Concentration.
Dillon, Megan.

The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Structure of the Benthic Microbial Mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica: Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Oxygen Concentration. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2018 - 126 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-12(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2018.

Microorganisms drive the biogeochemical cycles of all of the major elements on Earth and disproportionately contribute to elemental and energy cycles in many ecosystems, but microbial community structure and dynamics remain poorly understood (Lynch and Neufeld, 2015). Generalizing ecological models for plant-animal-microbial communities to solely microbial communities remains a challenge (Stegen et al., 2016; Prosser et al., 2007), the most problematic possibility being disparity in community assemblage processes among microorganisms versus plants and animals (Hanson et al., 2012; O'Dwyer et al., 2015; Carbonero et al., 2014). Microbial mats are cosmopolitan ecosystems that allow ecologists to test hypotheses about ecological theory in the absence of plants and animals. Here we investigate the benthic microbial mats of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, where two of the most important environmental factors that promote and constrain the diversity and composition of all communities, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and oxygen concentration ([O 2]), vary across three distinct habitats. Microbial mats at 9.0 m, 9.3 m, and 9.8 m had distinct PAR levels and [O2] and showed variations in phylogenetic and metabolic diversity and the relative abundances of microorganisms across all domains of life, based on metagenomic analyses. Photoautotrophs were the most abundant member across habitats, and they were phylogenetically distinct under the three different [O2] and PAR conditions sampled. Assessment of the gene family diversity and metabolic marker genes indicates that PAR and [O2] control the distribution of potential metabolic strategies in Lake Fryxell. At the scale of the lake, phylogenetic diversity positively correlated with increasing energy availability, consistent with species-energy theory. However, at the scale of the microbial mats, both phylogenetic and metabolic diversity is more strongly structured by the optimization of energy use, consistent with the maximum power principle. The overall phylogenetic and metabolic patterns suggest that niche selection processes, developed using plant- and animal-based ecosystems, are important in Lake Fryxell. Results from Fryxell therefore imply that the refinement of a comprehensive ecological theory that explains both macro- and microorganism biodiversity patterns may require relatively minor adjustments that are specific to the spatial and temporal scales at which organisms experience their habitats rather than a fusion of disparate ideologies.

ISBN: 9780438289826Subjects--Topical Terms:

536250
Microbiology.

The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Structure of the Benthic Microbial Mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica: Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Oxygen Concentration.
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245 1 4 $a The Phylogenetic and Metabolic Structure of the Benthic Microbial Mats in Lake Fryxell, Antarctica: Effects of Photosynthetically Active Radiation and Oxygen Concentration.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2018
300 $a 126 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-12(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Dawn Y. Sumner.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis, 2018.
520 $a Microorganisms drive the biogeochemical cycles of all of the major elements on Earth and disproportionately contribute to elemental and energy cycles in many ecosystems, but microbial community structure and dynamics remain poorly understood (Lynch and Neufeld, 2015). Generalizing ecological models for plant-animal-microbial communities to solely microbial communities remains a challenge (Stegen et al., 2016; Prosser et al., 2007), the most problematic possibility being disparity in community assemblage processes among microorganisms versus plants and animals (Hanson et al., 2012; O'Dwyer et al., 2015; Carbonero et al., 2014). Microbial mats are cosmopolitan ecosystems that allow ecologists to test hypotheses about ecological theory in the absence of plants and animals. Here we investigate the benthic microbial mats of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica, where two of the most important environmental factors that promote and constrain the diversity and composition of all communities, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and oxygen concentration ([O 2]), vary across three distinct habitats. Microbial mats at 9.0 m, 9.3 m, and 9.8 m had distinct PAR levels and [O2] and showed variations in phylogenetic and metabolic diversity and the relative abundances of microorganisms across all domains of life, based on metagenomic analyses. Photoautotrophs were the most abundant member across habitats, and they were phylogenetically distinct under the three different [O2] and PAR conditions sampled. Assessment of the gene family diversity and metabolic marker genes indicates that PAR and [O2] control the distribution of potential metabolic strategies in Lake Fryxell. At the scale of the lake, phylogenetic diversity positively correlated with increasing energy availability, consistent with species-energy theory. However, at the scale of the microbial mats, both phylogenetic and metabolic diversity is more strongly structured by the optimization of energy use, consistent with the maximum power principle. The overall phylogenetic and metabolic patterns suggest that niche selection processes, developed using plant- and animal-based ecosystems, are important in Lake Fryxell. Results from Fryxell therefore imply that the refinement of a comprehensive ecological theory that explains both macro- and microorganism biodiversity patterns may require relatively minor adjustments that are specific to the spatial and temporal scales at which organisms experience their habitats rather than a fusion of disparate ideologies.
520 $a This dissertation is organized into three chapters, which are preceded by an introduction. Chapter one explores the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships among organisms and between organisms and PAR and [O2]. Chapter two identifies major metabolic pathways in the mats, their spatial relationships and their organization according to PAR and [O2]. Chapter three deals with the ecological theories that are likely most relevant to Lake Fryxell, as well as the distribution of metabolic flexibility and the effects of temporal environmental fluctuations on annual changes in population abundances.
590 $a School code: 0029.
650 4 $a Microbiology. $3 536250
650 4 $a Ecology. $3 516476
650 4 $a Geobiology. $3 549918
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710 2 $a University of California, Davis. $b Microbiology. $3 3427893
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 79-12B(E).
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