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Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Stora...

von Haden, Adam Charles.

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Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems./
Author:	von Haden, Adam Charles.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2017,
Description:	221 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-03(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International79-03B(E).
Subject:	Environmental science. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=10688439
ISBN:	9780355529227

Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems.
von Haden, Adam Charles.

Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2017 - 221 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 79-03(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2017.

Expansion of agricultural lands to meet the growing demand for bioenergy crops in the United States will affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage. Considering that the reduction of net carbon emissions is a primary goal of biofuels, changes in ecosystem carbon storage will influence the overall efficacy of bioenergy cropping systems (BCS). The overall objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon change in BCS to make better predictions under land use change scenarios. In a two-year study at Arlington, WI, USA (ARL), the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was more favorable in an annual, continuous no-till maize (Zea mays L). system compared to a perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) system. The NECB difference was most notably attributable to greater aboveground litter return rates, lower autotrophic soil respiration, and lower heterotrophic soil respiration in maize compared to switchgrass. Greater litter return in maize was a function of greater aboveground net primary production and management decisions regarding biomass harvest proportion. Annual growth and maintenance respiration of belowground biomass were higher in switchgrass than maize, which likely reflects differences in relative belowground growth rates and life histories (i.e. perennial vs. annual). Notable seasonal juxtapositions in soil temperature and moisture (soil microclimate) were evident between perennial and annual systems, with annual systems showing more extreme fluctuations, but the differences in soil microclimate did not directly explain the observed contrasts in heterotrophic soil respiration between systems. In a five-year study of maize, switchgrass, prairie, and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') bioenergy cropping systems, increases in the aggregate-occluded soil organic carbon fraction were observed only in the poplar system at ARL. At Kellogg Biological Station, MI, USA (KBS), a lower fertility site with sandier soils, decreases in the aggregate-occluded fraction were observed in all systems except for poplar. Changes in the aggregate-occluded fraction were related to litter quality and soil clay content. Overall, these results indicate that litter inputs are an important consideration for all BCS and that perennial cropping systems may not always provide carbon storage benefits over annual cropping systems.

ISBN: 9780355529227Subjects--Topical Terms:

677245
Environmental science.

Mechanisms of Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Stability in Temperate Bioenergy Cropping Systems.
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520 $a Expansion of agricultural lands to meet the growing demand for bioenergy crops in the United States will affect terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage. Considering that the reduction of net carbon emissions is a primary goal of biofuels, changes in ecosystem carbon storage will influence the overall efficacy of bioenergy cropping systems (BCS). The overall objective of this research was to better understand the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon change in BCS to make better predictions under land use change scenarios. In a two-year study at Arlington, WI, USA (ARL), the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was more favorable in an annual, continuous no-till maize (Zea mays L). system compared to a perennial switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) system. The NECB difference was most notably attributable to greater aboveground litter return rates, lower autotrophic soil respiration, and lower heterotrophic soil respiration in maize compared to switchgrass. Greater litter return in maize was a function of greater aboveground net primary production and management decisions regarding biomass harvest proportion. Annual growth and maintenance respiration of belowground biomass were higher in switchgrass than maize, which likely reflects differences in relative belowground growth rates and life histories (i.e. perennial vs. annual). Notable seasonal juxtapositions in soil temperature and moisture (soil microclimate) were evident between perennial and annual systems, with annual systems showing more extreme fluctuations, but the differences in soil microclimate did not directly explain the observed contrasts in heterotrophic soil respiration between systems. In a five-year study of maize, switchgrass, prairie, and hybrid poplar (Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii A. Henry 'NM6') bioenergy cropping systems, increases in the aggregate-occluded soil organic carbon fraction were observed only in the poplar system at ARL. At Kellogg Biological Station, MI, USA (KBS), a lower fertility site with sandier soils, decreases in the aggregate-occluded fraction were observed in all systems except for poplar. Changes in the aggregate-occluded fraction were related to litter quality and soil clay content. Overall, these results indicate that litter inputs are an important consideration for all BCS and that perennial cropping systems may not always provide carbon storage benefits over annual cropping systems.
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