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Determination of Laser Generated Air...

Lippert, Julia Ford.

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Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure.

Record Type:	Electronic resources : Monograph/item
Title/Author:	Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure./
Author:	Lippert, Julia Ford.
Published:	Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, : 2013,
Description:	120 p.
Notes:	Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-12(E), Section: B.
Contained By:	Dissertation Abstracts International74-12B(E).
Subject:	Occupational safety. -
Online resource:	http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3573411
ISBN:	9781303435867

Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure.
Lippert, Julia Ford.

Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure. - Ann Arbor : ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2013 - 120 p.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-12(E), Section: B.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013.

The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) estimates that half a million surgical staff are exposed to laser smoke or plume each year. It has been suggested that the type and intensity of exposure is dependent in part on the way a laser is used during surgery. The purpose of this study was to estimate emission rates of the gas phase constituents of laser generated air contaminants using a validated emission chamber methodology while differentiating the effects of the laser operational parameters power, pulse-repetition frequency, and beam diameter, and ultimately to model a set of plausible occupational exposures.

ISBN: 9781303435867Subjects--Topical Terms:

3172193
Occupational safety.

Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure.
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100 1 $a Lippert, Julia Ford. $3 3354161
245 1 0 $a Determination of Laser Generated Air Contaminant Emission Rates in a Simulated Surgical Procedure.
260 1 $a Ann Arbor : $b ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, $c 2013
300 $a 120 p.
500 $a Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 74-12(E), Section: B.
500 $a Adviser: Steve Lacey.
502 $a Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013.
520 $a The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) estimates that half a million surgical staff are exposed to laser smoke or plume each year. It has been suggested that the type and intensity of exposure is dependent in part on the way a laser is used during surgery. The purpose of this study was to estimate emission rates of the gas phase constituents of laser generated air contaminants using a validated emission chamber methodology while differentiating the effects of the laser operational parameters power, pulse-repetition frequency, and beam diameter, and ultimately to model a set of plausible occupational exposures.
520 $a An emission chamber was designed, fabricated, and validated to quantify the emission rates of gases and particles associated with laser generated air contaminants (LGACs) during a simulated surgical procedure. The emission chamber was built of inert materials, including a glass hood section connected to a duct section for collection and allowing for lasing of tissue. The performance, plume capture, and air flow of the emission chamber system were validated. This validated emission chamber and methodology enabled accurate estimation of emission rates with low experimental variability that can be used in mathematical modeling of exposure.
520 $a Two medical lasers (Holmium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet [Ho:YAG] and carbon dioxide [CO2]) were set at varying operational parameters in a simulated laser surgery on porcine skin to generate a plume in an emission chamber. Porcine skin was pyrolyzed with a medical laser set to a range of surgically plausible operational parameters. Consistency in the rate and depth of incision was established by a system to control the speed of laser movement and aim angle of the laser tip, and was validated by measurement of tissue loss. The plume was sampled for seven gas phase contaminants of combustion products (volatile organic compounds [VOC], formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide [HCN], carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide [CO]). The effect of each operational parameter was determined using a fractional factorial design coupled with a sequential screening process that evaluated the parameters for their influence on emission rates.
520 $a Measured concentrations of the gas phase contaminants were below the limit of detection (LOD). Confined to the experimental conditions of this investigation, results indicated that beam diameter was significantly influential to emission rates when using the Ho:YAG laser but not with the CO2 laser. Power and pulse repetition frequency were not influential to emission rates of these gas phase contaminants.
520 $a Emission rates of LGAC from the experimentally determined concentrations were used to estimate a range of physically plausible occupational exposures to surgical staff. A two-zone semi-empirical model was implemented with input variables varied over a range based on the general requirements of a laser surgical suite in compliance with regulatory agencies. Twenty-minute time weighted averages were developed for the near- and far-field zones within the surgical suite as estimates of the occupational exposure to LGAC. These values were compared to relevant occupational exposure limits; estimated exposures were at least three times in magnitude less than the exposure limits and thus do not appear to present an occupational hazard.
590 $a School code: 0799.
650 4 $a Occupational safety. $3 3172193
650 4 $a Public health. $3 534748
650 4 $a Medicine. $3 641104
650 4 $a Environmental science. $3 677245
690 $a 0354
690 $a 0573
690 $a 0564
690 $a 0768
710 2 $a University of Illinois at Chicago. $3 1020478
773 0 $t Dissertation Abstracts International $g 74-12B(E).
790 $a 0799
791 $a Ph.D.
792 $a 2013
793 $a English
856 4 0 $u http://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/advanced?query=3573411